Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following best reflects Kierkegaard's perspective on decision-making?
Which of the following best reflects Kierkegaard's perspective on decision-making?
- Embracing personal responsibility is paramount, even when facing uncertainty and anxiety. (correct)
- The focus should be on rational calculation to ensure the best possible outcome.
- Decisions should be deferred to trusted authorities to minimize individual burden.
- Individuals should adhere to societal norms to avoid existential crises.
Nietzsche's concept of the 'best life' is most closely aligned with which of the following?
Nietzsche's concept of the 'best life' is most closely aligned with which of the following?
- Striving for universal love and compassion above all else.
- Submitting to authority and adhering to traditional values.
- Seeking pleasure and avoiding pain at all costs.
- Embracing challenges, asserting one's will, and creating personal values. (correct)
Which characteristic did Romantic philosophers consider most important in understanding human beings?
Which characteristic did Romantic philosophers consider most important in understanding human beings?
- Empirical observation and scientific analysis
- Rationality and logical thought
- Social conditioning and cultural norms
- Emotion, intuition, and individual experience (correct)
Schopenhauer's philosophy is primarily based on the distinction between:
Schopenhauer's philosophy is primarily based on the distinction between:
What does pantheism assert?
What does pantheism assert?
What is the central concept of Leibniz's philosophy?
What is the central concept of Leibniz's philosophy?
Kant agreed with Hume's position that:
Kant agreed with Hume's position that:
In Hegel's dialectic, what represents the initial proposition or starting point?
In Hegel's dialectic, what represents the initial proposition or starting point?
Which of the following best describes Locke's view on education?
Which of the following best describes Locke's view on education?
Bacon's 'idols of the tribe' refers to:
Bacon's 'idols of the tribe' refers to:
Flashcards
Pantheism
Pantheism
The belief that God and the universe are identical.
Epistemology
Epistemology
The study of knowledge and justified belief.
Empiricism
Empiricism
Knowledge comes only or primarily from sensory experience.
Rationalism
Rationalism
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Positivism
Positivism
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Sensationalism
Sensationalism
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Utilitarianism
Utilitarianism
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Hegel's Dialectic
Hegel's Dialectic
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Romanticism
Romanticism
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Enlightenment
Enlightenment
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Study Notes
- Study notes on key philosophical concepts and figures
Kierkegaard
- Considered the responsibilities of making choices as a central theme.
Nietzsche
- Explored ideas about the best life.
Enlightenment
- Philosophical movement emphasizing reason and individualism.
Romantic Philosophers
- Focused on human characteristics as most important.
Romantics
- Emphasized emotion and individualism.
Hegel
- Known for his dialectical approach.
Goethe
- German writer and polymath, a key figure in the Romantic movement.
Rousseau
- Developed ideas on governments.
Schopenhauer
- The philosophy distinguished between will and representation.
Apollonian and Dionysian
- Represented the rational and irrational aspects of human nature.
Sensationalism
- Argued that all ideas originate from sensory experience.
Positivism
- Promoted empirical scientific knowledge.
Rationalism
- Emphasized reason as the primary source of knowledge.
Empiricism
- Stated that knowledge comes from sensory experience.
Pantheism
- Belief that God is everything and everywhere.
Leibniz
- The first work was a rebuttal of philosophy of Descartes.
- Developed the concept of monads as simple, indivisible units of existence.
- Explored conscious experience and apperception.
Direct Realism
- Claims that our experiences are exactly as they appear
Reid
- Scottish philosopher.
Kant
- Agreed with Hume on the role of experience in shaping our understanding.
Hegel's Dialectic
- Thesis, antithesis, and synthesis lead to the absolute.
Herbart
- Associated with apperceptive mass, repression, and psychic mechanics.
Hobbes
- Believed democracy was inefficient.
- Did not believe in free will.
Hume
- Developed laws of associations.
Locke
- Differentiated between primary and secondary qualities.
- Had views on education.
Berkeley
- Irish philosopher.
Hartley
- British philosopher known for Associationism
Bentham
- Advocated for utilitarianism.
Comte and Mach
- Key figures in the development of positivism.
Renaissance Shifts
- Period of significant change in Europe.
Erasmus
- Dutch Renaissance humanist.
Martin Luther
- Key figure in the Protestant Reformation.
Copernicus
- Developed the heliocentric theory.
Galileo
- Italian astronomer and physicist.
Newton
- Developed laws of motion and universal gravitation.
Bacon
- Associated with idols of the tribe, marketplace, and theatre.
Idols of the Tribe
- Represented biases inherent in human nature.
Idols of the Marketplace
- Represented errors arising from language.
Idols of the Theatre
- Represented errors arising from philosophical systems.
Descartes
- French philosopher and mathematician.
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