Philosophy: First Cause Argument Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What characterizes an inductive argument?

  • It is based on faith rather than evidence
  • It provides premises to support the conclusion (correct)
  • It requires deductive reasoning
  • It leads to a universal truth

What type of evidence are the inductive arguments for the existence of God based on?

  • Anecdotal evidence
  • A-priori evidence
  • Empirical evidence (correct)
  • Testimonial evidence

Which team is used in the example to illustrate an inductive argument?

  • Chelsea
  • Manchester United
  • Manchester City (correct)
  • Arsenal

What is the main focus of this theme related to inductive arguments for God’s existence?

<p>Challenges to inductive arguments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of evidence is a-posteriori evidence also known as?

<p>Empirical evidence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Aquinas' Way 2, what did he argue about the chain of intermediate causes and effects?

<p>It cannot logically go back an infinite number of times. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Aquinas use as an analogy to illustrate his Way 2?

<p>A series of falling dominos (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Aquinas observe about the world in his Way 3?

<p>It consists of contingent beings. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did Aquinas argue that there must have been a first causer according to his Way 2?

<p>Because it is logically impossible for anything to cause itself. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Aquinas argue about every effect in the universe in his Way 2?

<p>It has an intermediate cause. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Aquinas' cosmological arguments, the 'Unmoved Mover' is best described as:

<p>The first cause that initiated all subsequent causes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Aquinas' cosmological argument, the concept of 'Contingency & Necessity' refers to:

<p>The distinction between things that exist because of something else and things that exist out of necessity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Aquinas' cosmological arguments, a pile of wood being turned into a fire by a match exemplifies:

<p>The necessity of a first changer. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Aquinas' cosmological argument differ from Aristotle's concept of the 'Prime Mover'?

<p>Aquinas' 'Unmoved Mover' is synonymous with Aristotle's 'Prime Mover'. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What empirical observation forms the basis of Aquinas' Way 1 – The Unmoved Mover?

<p>The concept of potentiality and actualization in changing states. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the argument, why is the concept of actual infinities considered absurd or impossible?

<p>Because it results in the illogical situation where there must be as many red books as there are total books, despite the presence of a set of black books. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does Craig argue against 'potential infinities' as well?

<p>Because the universe can only be an actual infinity and not a potential infinity due to its actual history. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What criticism did Craig's argument receive regarding 'actual infinities'?

<p>It failed to address the concept of potential infinity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does the argument claim that there must be as many red books as there are red and black books combined?

<p>Because both red and black books are infinite and have no beginning or end. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does Craig argue that a beginningless infinite universe cannot exist?

<p>Because actual infinities, including a beginningless infinite universe, are considered absurd or impossible. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Aquinas, why must there be a necessary being?

<p>To prevent an infinite regression of caused necessary beings with no complete explanation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theologian simplified Aquinas’ Third Way and argued that the universe itself must be contingent?

<p>Frederick Copleston (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of William Lane Craig’s Kalam Cosmological Argument?

<p>Explaining how the universe was caused and why it began to exist. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does William Lane Craig argue that an actual infinity cannot exist?

<p>Due to an analogy of a library with an actual infinite number of books. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes Aquinas’ argument different from Frederick Copleston’s and William Lane Craig’s arguments?

<p>Aquinas emphasizes the distinction between caused and uncaused necessary beings. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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