Philosophy Definitions and Types

Definitions and Types

• “De finere” means to limit.
• Etymological definition derives meaning from origin; example: Bacolod originates from “Bakulod,” meaning “hill.”
• Nominal definition derives meaning from a name.

Real Definitions

• Real definitions can be:
  • Conceptual: Defined by secondary sources, like dictionaries or books.
  • Operational: Defined based on a specific study or operational context.

Philosophy

• Coined by Pythagoras, combining "philo" (love) and "sophia" (wisdom) to denote the love of wisdom.
• Philosophy is a science that investigates ultimate causes of phenomena using human reason.

Science Types

• Three main types of science:
  • Natural Science (e.g., Biology)
  • Physical Science (e.g., Physics)
  • Social Science (e.g., Economics, Philosophy)

Types of Beings

• Two categories of beings:
  • Potential: Exists without intrinsic contradiction.
  • Actual: Exists in the present moment.

Created Actual Beings

• Two types of created actual beings:
  • Living beings: Possess a soul, the principle of life.
  • Non-living beings.

Types of Actual Beings

• Two categories:
  • Uncreated beings: Relate to God, studied in Theology.
  • Created beings.

Living and Created Actual Beings

• Types of living beings:
  • Man: characterized by a rational soul.
  • Plants: characterized by a vegetative soul.
  • Animals: characterized by a sensitive soul.

Man

• Composed of body and soul, studied under Rational Psychology.
• Intellect aims at truth, connected to Logic and Epistemology.
• Will aims at good, connected to Ethics/Moral Philosophy.

Non-Living Entities

• Universe studied in Cosmology.
• Beyond the universe explored in Metaphysics.

Definitions and Types

• “De finere” means to limit.
• Etymological definition derives meaning from origin; example: Bacolod originates from “Bakulod,” meaning “hill.”
• Nominal definition derives meaning from a name.

Real Definitions

• Real definitions can be:
  • Conceptual: Defined by secondary sources, like dictionaries or books.
  • Operational: Defined based on a specific study or operational context.

Philosophy

• Coined by Pythagoras, combining "philo" (love) and "sophia" (wisdom) to denote the love of wisdom.
• Philosophy is a science that investigates ultimate causes of phenomena using human reason.

Science Types

• Three main types of science:
  • Natural Science (e.g., Biology)
  • Physical Science (e.g., Physics)
  • Social Science (e.g., Economics, Philosophy)

Types of Beings

• Two categories of beings:
  • Potential: Exists without intrinsic contradiction.
  • Actual: Exists in the present moment.

Created Actual Beings

• Two types of created actual beings:
  • Living beings: Possess a soul, the principle of life.
  • Non-living beings.

Types of Actual Beings

• Two categories:
  • Uncreated beings: Relate to God, studied in Theology.
  • Created beings.

Living and Created Actual Beings

• Types of living beings:
  • Man: characterized by a rational soul.
  • Plants: characterized by a vegetative soul.
  • Animals: characterized by a sensitive soul.

Man

• Composed of body and soul, studied under Rational Psychology.
• Intellect aims at truth, connected to Logic and Epistemology.
• Will aims at good, connected to Ethics/Moral Philosophy.

Non-Living Entities

• Universe studied in Cosmology.
• Beyond the universe explored in Metaphysics.