Philosophy Chapter on Self and Knowledge

Immediate sensory experiences, more vivid than ideas, arising from contact with external reality.

Recollections of impressions; less vivid mental representations.

The active role of the mind in organizing sensory experience; the 'self' is key to this process.

Concepts like time and space that are built into the mind, not derived from experience.

The primitive, instinctual part of the mind that seeks immediate pleasure and avoids tension.

The mind's driving force to seek immediate gratification and relieve tension.

The different parts of the mind have different structures and purposes.

The mind is not just a passive receiver of information.

The different parts of the mind, including the id, ego, and superego.

The ego mediates between the id's impulses and the superego's restraints, directing behavior based on reality.

The part of the mind that enforces moral and ideal standards, focusing on right and wrong learned from experiences.

The idea that the self is not a separate entity, but a set of observable behaviors.

The view that the brain's biochemical processes define the self's thoughts, feelings, and actions.

The idea that mind and body are inseparable, with experiences being embodied.

The idea that mind & body are separate.

The self is not an entity, but a collection of observable actions.

A systematic questioning approach to understand the self.

Recognizing the limitations of one's knowledge; 'I know nothing.'

Plato believed the soul has three parts: reason, spirited, and appetites.

Motivates us towards truth and goodness, it is a rational part of the soul.

A non-rational part of the soul that drives action.

Instinctual desires and needs.

Explaining events and phenomena through natural causes rather than supernatural ones.

Crucial concept emphasizing self-reflection and understanding.

The human soul is composed of three parts: spirited, appetitive, and rational, working together for justice.

Love is a force guiding us towards self-improvement and higher understanding; it begins with recognizing a need/lack and leads to a deeper realization of truths.

True happiness can only be found in God, not earthly delights.

Humans are flawed; love for worldly things leads to greed, jealousy, and pride. True virtue only exists by loving God.

Descartes proposed that humans have both a mind and a body, distinct but interconnected.

A mental process for grasping certain truths directly.

Using logic to derive new truths.

Part of the soul that seeks pleasures of the body and is not necessarily logical.

The process of discovering knowledge by building on existing known facts in a structured way.

Descartes' famous phrase meaning "I think, therefore I am." It highlights the self's existence as the only indubitable truth.

The philosophical question of how the mind and body interact. Descartes viewed the body as a machine and the mind separate.

The philosophical idea that knowledge comes from experience and the senses.

Knowledge achieved through direct sensory experience of the world.

The mind examining the ideas gained from sensation.

Hume's belief that knowledge only comes from sensory experience.

Hume's rejection of religious beliefs following his philosophical investigations.

Immediate sensory experiences, more vivid than ideas, arising from interaction with the external world.

Recollections of impressions; less vivid mental images.

The mind actively organizes sensory experiences to create knowledge, not just passively receiving data.

Concepts like time and space, built into our minds and not derived from sense experiences.

The primitive, instinctual part of the mind, seeking immediate pleasure and avoiding tension.

The driving force of the Id seeking quick satisfaction and tension relief.

The mind isn't simply a receiver of information; it actively shapes and interprets experiences.

A necessary component for organizing sensory impressions and acquiring knowledge; it is the essential 'I' that unifies these impressions.

The different structures of the mind (id, ego, superego) with distinct roles.

The ego balances the id's desires and the superego's morals to make realistic decisions. It's about navigating the world.

The part of the mind focused on moral judgments (right/wrong), based on learned societal values.

The 'self' is defined by observable behaviors; it's not a separate entity.

The self is determined by the brain's chemical processes.

Mind and body are interconnected, inseparable in experiences.

The idea that the mind and body are separate entities.

The self is not an entity but the sum of observable behaviors.

A systematic questioning approach used to understand the self by exposing misconceptions through targeted questions.

Recognizing the limitations of one's knowledge, a crucial step towards understanding the self.

The belief that events can be explained naturally, not by supernatural forces.

Plato proposed that the soul is composed of reason, spirited, and appetites.

The rational aspect of the soul, guiding us towards truth and goodness.

The will or driving force motivating action, a non-rational part of the soul.

The wants and desires that motivate us, a non-rational part of the soul.

Understanding your own character, motivations, and limitations to achieve self-knowledge and self-improvement

The process of discovering knowledge by logically building on already known facts.

Descartes' phrase meaning 'I think, therefore I am,' highlighting the self's existence as the only certain truth.

The philosophical question of how the mind relates to the body.

The belief that knowledge comes from sensory experience.

Knowledge gained through direct sensory experience.

The mind examining the ideas acquired through sensation.

Hume believed that knowledge comes solely from sensory experience.

Hume's rejection of religious beliefs based on his philosophical explorations.

Plato believed the soul has three parts (reason, spirited, and appetites), that need to work in harmony for true justice.

The part of the soul that prioritizes bodily pleasures and not necessarily logical reasoning.

Love is a process that helps beings improve. It starts with recognizing needs and moves toward self-actualization.

True happiness comes from a connection with God, not worldly pleasures.

The idea that our nature is flawed, and seeking worldly pleasures can lead to greed, jealousy, and pride.

Descartes' concept of the mind and body being separate but interconnected entities.

A mental ability used to grasp certain truths or facts without logical reasoning.

A method of logical reasoning to discover new truths based upon already established knowledge.