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Questions and Answers
What is the origin of the word 'Logic'?
What is the origin of the word 'Logic'?
Greek word- logos
Which statement best describes the core of Logic?
Which statement best describes the core of Logic?
Logic is primarily concerned with opinions.
Logic is primarily concerned with opinions.
False
A valid argument contains a sequence of statements in which one of the statements is the ______.
A valid argument contains a sequence of statements in which one of the statements is the ______.
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Match the following fallacies with their descriptions:
Match the following fallacies with their descriptions:
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What does the word 'logic' originate from?
What does the word 'logic' originate from?
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What is the core of the science of logic primarily concerned with?
What is the core of the science of logic primarily concerned with?
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Arguments are equivalent to opinions.
Arguments are equivalent to opinions.
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Abduction means determining the _________ to explain the conclusion.
Abduction means determining the _________ to explain the conclusion.
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Match the fallacy with its description:
Match the fallacy with its description:
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Study Notes
What is Logic?
- Originated from the Greek word "logos", which means word, thought, idea, argument, account, reason, or principle
- In Arabic, the word "mantiq" means speech or words
- Logic is the science of correct reasoning, studying rules and principles for making correct arguments
- Logic serves as a tool for the mind to reason out correctly, and its core lies in its collection of universal and eternal rules that ascertain truth in the flow of man's statements
Logic vs. Psychology
- Logic: a normative science, imposing rules and norms for thinking
- Psychology: an empirical science, studying the actual way the mind works
Arguments
- An argument composed of premises and a conclusion
- Not equivalent to an opinion
- Contains a sequence of statements in which one statement is the conclusion
- Proposition: a statement or assertion that expresses a judgment or opinion to determine the statement's validity
Types of Arguments
- Deductive Argument: starts with a more universal statement and concludes with a less universal statement
- Inductive Argument: starts with a sufficient list of particular statements and ends with a probable universal statement as inferred from the premises
- Abductive Reasoning: determining the precondition, using the conclusion and the rule to assume that the precondition could explain the conclusion
Fallacies
- Slippery Slope: a conclusion based on the premise that if A happens, then eventually through a series of small steps, Z will happen too, equating A and Z
- Hasty Generalization: a conclusion based on insufficient or biased evidence
- Post hoc ergo propter hoc: a conclusion that assumes that if 'A' occurred after 'B' then 'B' must have caused 'A'
- Genetic Fallacy: a conclusion based on an argument that the origins of a person, idea, institute, or theory determine its character, nature, or worth
- Begging the Claim: the conclusion that the writer should prove is validated within the claim
- Circular Argument: restates the argument rather than actually proving it
- Either/Or: a conclusion that oversimplifies the argument by reducing it to only two sides or choices
- Ad hominem: an attack on the character of a person rather than their opinions or arguments
- Ad populum/Bandwagon Appeal: an appeal that presents what most people think in order to persuade one to think the same way
- Red Herring: a diversionary tactic that avoids the key issues, often by avoiding opposing arguments rather than addressing them
- Straw Man: oversimplifies an opponent's viewpoint and then attacks that hollow argument
- Moral Equivalence: compares minor misdeeds with major atrocities, suggesting that both are equally immoral
What is Logic?
- Originated from the Greek word "logos", which means word, thought, idea, argument, account, reason, or principle
- In Arabic, the word "mantiq" means speech or words
- Logic is the science of correct reasoning, studying rules and principles for making correct arguments
- Logic serves as a tool for the mind to reason out correctly, and its core lies in its collection of universal and eternal rules that ascertain truth in the flow of man's statements
Logic vs. Psychology
- Logic: a normative science, imposing rules and norms for thinking
- Psychology: an empirical science, studying the actual way the mind works
Arguments
- An argument composed of premises and a conclusion
- Not equivalent to an opinion
- Contains a sequence of statements in which one statement is the conclusion
- Proposition: a statement or assertion that expresses a judgment or opinion to determine the statement's validity
Types of Arguments
- Deductive Argument: starts with a more universal statement and concludes with a less universal statement
- Inductive Argument: starts with a sufficient list of particular statements and ends with a probable universal statement as inferred from the premises
- Abductive Reasoning: determining the precondition, using the conclusion and the rule to assume that the precondition could explain the conclusion
Fallacies
- Slippery Slope: a conclusion based on the premise that if A happens, then eventually through a series of small steps, Z will happen too, equating A and Z
- Hasty Generalization: a conclusion based on insufficient or biased evidence
- Post hoc ergo propter hoc: a conclusion that assumes that if 'A' occurred after 'B' then 'B' must have caused 'A'
- Genetic Fallacy: a conclusion based on an argument that the origins of a person, idea, institute, or theory determine its character, nature, or worth
- Begging the Claim: the conclusion that the writer should prove is validated within the claim
- Circular Argument: restates the argument rather than actually proving it
- Either/Or: a conclusion that oversimplifies the argument by reducing it to only two sides or choices
- Ad hominem: an attack on the character of a person rather than their opinions or arguments
- Ad populum/Bandwagon Appeal: an appeal that presents what most people think in order to persuade one to think the same way
- Red Herring: a diversionary tactic that avoids the key issues, often by avoiding opposing arguments rather than addressing them
- Straw Man: oversimplifies an opponent's viewpoint and then attacks that hollow argument
- Moral Equivalence: compares minor misdeeds with major atrocities, suggesting that both are equally immoral
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of logic, including its definition, origins, and principles for making correct arguments in philosophy.
