Podcast
Questions and Answers
Epistemology is concerned with moral principles and what is considered good.
Epistemology is concerned with moral principles and what is considered good.
False (B)
Which branch of philosophy focuses on the nature of reality?
Which branch of philosophy focuses on the nature of reality?
- Logic
- Epistemology
- Metaphysics (correct)
- Ethics
Who is known for tackling the issue of dualism in philosophy?
Who is known for tackling the issue of dualism in philosophy?
Rene Descartes
The branch of philosophy that examines arguments and reasoning is known as _____ and focuses on whether reasoning is good or bad.
The branch of philosophy that examines arguments and reasoning is known as _____ and focuses on whether reasoning is good or bad.
Match the following branches of philosophy with their focus areas:
Match the following branches of philosophy with their focus areas:
Which of the following questions relates to the study of Ethics?
Which of the following questions relates to the study of Ethics?
Psychology primarily focuses on the nature of reality without considering philosophical questions.
Psychology primarily focuses on the nature of reality without considering philosophical questions.
What perspective does psychology offer on the debate of fate versus free will?
What perspective does psychology offer on the debate of fate versus free will?
Who is credited with discovering white and gray matter?
Who is credited with discovering white and gray matter?
Which of the following domains is NOT part of social psychology as conceptualized in three major domains?
Which of the following domains is NOT part of social psychology as conceptualized in three major domains?
Wilhelm Wundt founded the field of psychology in 1879.
Wilhelm Wundt founded the field of psychology in 1879.
Match the following figures with their contributions:
Match the following figures with their contributions:
The speed of neural impulse was determined by _____ to be 90 feet per second.
The speed of neural impulse was determined by _____ to be 90 feet per second.
Introspection was widely accepted and used throughout the 20th century by behaviorists.
Introspection was widely accepted and used throughout the 20th century by behaviorists.
Social influence includes factors such as genes, culture, and gender.
Social influence includes factors such as genes, culture, and gender.
Cognitive Dissonance Theory suggests that people are motivated to increase tension when holding conflicting beliefs.
Cognitive Dissonance Theory suggests that people are motivated to increase tension when holding conflicting beliefs.
Match the following theories with their primary concepts:
Match the following theories with their primary concepts:
What method did Wundt employ to study sensation and perception?
What method did Wundt employ to study sensation and perception?
What do we call the phenomenon where we compare ourselves to those we consider socially better?
What do we call the phenomenon where we compare ourselves to those we consider socially better?
Which of the following best describes attitudes as characterized in social psychology?
Which of the following best describes attitudes as characterized in social psychology?
A person may experience psychological discomfort when there are inconsistencies between their _______ and their behavior.
A person may experience psychological discomfort when there are inconsistencies between their _______ and their behavior.
Which figure proposed the concepts of two-point thresholds and just noticeable difference?
Which figure proposed the concepts of two-point thresholds and just noticeable difference?
The _______ view of attitudes conceptualizes attitude as having three distinct components.
The _______ view of attitudes conceptualizes attitude as having three distinct components.
European social psychology emphasizes interindividual influences over group relations.
European social psychology emphasizes interindividual influences over group relations.
Social Identity Theory suggests that one's group membership is irrelevant to self-esteem.
Social Identity Theory suggests that one's group membership is irrelevant to self-esteem.
Who are the notable European social psychologists mentioned?
Who are the notable European social psychologists mentioned?
Cognitive, affective, and __________ are the three components of attitudes.
Cognitive, affective, and __________ are the three components of attitudes.
Match the following concepts with their definitions:
Match the following concepts with their definitions:
What is the difference between absolute and difference thresholds?
What is the difference between absolute and difference thresholds?
What component of attitudes does the statement 'I like Filipinos' represent?
What component of attitudes does the statement 'I like Filipinos' represent?
What do shared meanings produced through talk guide?
What do shared meanings produced through talk guide?
What is essential for a minority to effectively persuade the majority?
What is essential for a minority to effectively persuade the majority?
Asian social psychology focuses primarily on individual behaviors.
Asian social psychology focuses primarily on individual behaviors.
Who proposed the framework for Asian social psychology called relational orientation?
Who proposed the framework for Asian social psychology called relational orientation?
What is the primary criticism of North American social psychology by European psychologists?
What is the primary criticism of North American social psychology by European psychologists?
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Minority groups have no impact on initiating social change.
Minority groups have no impact on initiating social change.
According to Ho, attempts to predict social behavior by personality variables alone are doomed to _____.
According to Ho, attempts to predict social behavior by personality variables alone are doomed to _____.
Which area is NOT a contribution of Asian social psychologists?
Which area is NOT a contribution of Asian social psychologists?
What should Asian social psychology strive to create?
What should Asian social psychology strive to create?
Study Notes
Philosophy and Psychology
- Psychology emerged from philosophy, a pursuit of knowledge covering reality, existence, and morality.
- Metaphysics explores reality's nature, questioning free will vs. determinism and the existence of a higher power.
- Epistemology focuses on the nature of knowledge, investigating how we know what we know.
- Ethics discusses morality, guiding behavior and treatment of others.
- Logic evaluates reasoning structures to determine validity and reliability.
- Psychology seeks to understand mental processes, attributions, and causal relationships, linking closely with the four philosophical branches.
Key Philosophical Influences on Psychology
- Dualism: Concept questioning whether the mind and body are separate entities; examined by René Descartes.
- Neuroscience pioneers: Franz Josef Gall discovered the nervous system's electrical impulse conduction; Von Helmholtz determined neural impulse speed (90 feet/second).
- Weber's research: Introduced two-point thresholds and just noticeable difference; foundational concepts in psychophysics.
- Fechner's contributions: Established absolute and difference thresholds, critical for empirical studies in psychology.
Birth of Psychological Science
- Wilhelm Wundt established the first psychology lab in Leipzig (1879), marking formal recognition of psychology as a science.
- Focused on sensation and perception, employing introspection for mental state examination.
- Developed rigorous experimental controls and trained observers, emphasizing objective measures and laboratory equipment.
Domains of Social Psychology
- Social Thinking: Involves self-concept, beliefs, and judgment.
- Social Influence: Covers genetic, cultural, and gender influences, including conformity and persuasion dynamics.
- Social Relations: Examines prejudice, aggression, attraction, helping behavior, conflict, and peacemaking strategies.
Cornerstone Theories of Social Psychology
- Social Comparison Theory (Festinger, 1954): Based on the idea that people learn about themselves by comparing to others, emphasizing upward and downward social comparisons for self-esteem regulation.
- Cognitive Dissonance Theory (Festinger, 1957): Describes psychological discomfort arising from conflicting beliefs or attitudes; individuals strive to reduce this tension by adjusting their beliefs or behaviors.
Understanding Attitudes
- Central to American social psychology; attitudes reflect evaluations towards people, concepts, or behaviors.
- Tri-componential view of attitudes:
- Cognitive: Thoughts and beliefs (e.g., views on a culture).
- Affective: Emotional responses (e.g., feelings about a culture).
- Behavioral: Actions taken (e.g., intentions towards marriage).
European Perspectives on Social Psychology
- European psychologists like Serge Moscovici and Henri Tajfel initiated critiques of North American individualism, advocating for a community-focused approach.
- Emphasized intergroup relations, leading to distinctions in social psychology theory and application.
- Social Identity Theory (Tajfel & Turner, 1979): Highlights how group affiliation influences self-esteem and intergroup bias.
- Social Representation (Moscovici, 1961): Discusses shared beliefs, guiding societal actions and interpretations of events.
Minority Influence in Social Change
- Identifies the role of consistent minority viewpoints in instigating significant social movements.
- Effective minority groups exhibit position consistency to build perceived confidence and encourage defections from the majority viewpoint.
Asian Contributions to Social Psychology
- Asian psychology emphasizes cultural context compared to Western individualism and societal focus.
- Ho’s relational orientation framework: Highlights the importance of interconnections in human behavior and its consequences for predicting social outcomes.
- Asian social psychology aims for a global identity with unique perspectives, enhancing understanding of social behavior within Asian contexts and beyond.
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Description
This quiz explores the relationship between philosophy and psychology, tracing psychology's roots back to philosophical inquiry. It delves into the four main branches of philosophy, with a focus on metaphysics and its relevance to contemporary psychological questions. Discover how these disciplines intertwine and influence each other in the quest for knowledge.
