Philosophy: Metaphysics and Epistemology Quiz

Epistemology = Study of knowledge and how it is acquired Ontological argument = Argument for the existence of God based on reason alone Metaphysics = Study of the nature of reality and existence Moral argument = Argument for the existence of God based on presupposing an objective right and wrong in the universe

Coherence theory = Truth is determined by how well a belief "fits" with other beliefs Correspondence theory = Truth is determined by matching, in real life, to what is actually the case Internalism = Belief is justified if appropriate steps are taken within the knower Externalism = Belief is justified if factors outside of the believer align with a true state of affairs in the world

Determinism = Belief that all events are decided already by causes external to human will Compatibilism = Belief that determinism and free will can coexist Physicalism = Belief that everything can be reduced to material processes Dualism = Belief that reality consists of two distinct substances, usually mind and matter

Bundle theory = Focuses on identity as a collection of experiences, rather than a persistent objective "thing" Standpoint epistemology = Focuses on how knowledge is influenced by one's social position or perspective Teleological = Focuses on the purpose or end goal of things Skepticism = Focuses on doubting or questioning the possibility of knowledge, even as a way to think more about what counts as knowledge

A priori = Knowledge that is independent of experience A posteriori = Knowledge that is derived from experience or observation Propositional knowledge = Knowledge that can be expressed as a statement or claim about the world Justified true belief = Knowledge defined as accurate, and supported by good reasons