Philosophy and Personality Traits Quiz

Study Notes

Arthur Schopenhauer is the German philosopher who explained that when we become conscious of ourselves, we recognize that our essential qualities are endless urging, craving, striving, wanting, and desiring.
Deontology is a theory that states "one has the duty or obligation to do the right thing, regardless of outcome".
Immanuel Kant's formulations of the Categorical Imperative include the Principle of Autonomy, which states "act so that your will is what makes a universal law".

Ethics determines the rightness or wrongness of human actions.
Moral courage or will refers to the inner strength to make a decision, take action, handle, and execute any aim or task until it is accomplished, regardless of inner and outer resistance, discomfort, or difficulties.
Virtue ethics places emphasis on developing good habits of character.

Justice includes being treated fairly, having actions that are transparent and consistent, and having no discrimination.
Distributive justice is about the fair distribution of resources, which can be fair, just, or equal.

Virtues are formed by parental and social training, and are not determined by professionals or one's personality.
Teleological theory weaknesses include being unable to predict the outcome of actions, and not being able to provide for resolution of conflicts among two or more moral persons.
Virtue ethics does not base morality on independent moral rules or duties, but rather on developing good habits of character.

Patients are entitled to good standards of practice and care from their doctors, including professional competence, good relationships, expertise, and honesty.
Truth-telling, kindness, and honesty are virtues in healthcare ethics.

Will power refers to the inner strength to make a decision, take action, handle, and execute any aim or task until it is accomplished, regardless of inner and outer resistance, discomfort, or difficulties.
Bravery, initiative, and moral courage are related concepts.
Objectivism is a view that ethical judgments are propositions, hence they can either be true or false.