Philosophy and Knowledge Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of 'ad hominem' argumentation strategy?

Attacking the character or circumstances of an individual.

What is the definition of Epistemology?

Study of the origin, structures, methods, nature, limit, and veracity of human knowledge.

What is the definition of 'Social and Political Philosophy'?

Includes the analysis of human conduct, the nature and justification of social structures and political systems.

What does 'Ontology' refer to?

<p>Refers to the state of existence of things independent of human consciousness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of 'Begging the Question'?

<p>Begging the Question (Circular Reasoning).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of 'Supply and Demand'?

<p>Supply and Demand, Cost-Benefit Analysis (Economic Perspective).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of 'Divine Command Theory'?

<p>Divine Command Theory, Religious Doctrine (Theological Perspective).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Hasty Generalization'?

<p>Hasty Generalization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of 'Straw Man Fallacy'?

<p>Straw Man Fallacy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Red Herring' refer to?

<p>Red Herring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of 'Ad Populum'?

<p>Ad Populum (Appeal to Popularity).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'False Dilemma'?

<p>False Dilemma (Either-Or Fallacy).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Slippery Slope' refer to?

<p>Slippery Slope.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Appeal to Emotion'?

<p>Appeal to Emotion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Faulty Analogy'?

<p>Faulty Analogy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Complex Question'?

<p>Complex Question.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'False Dichotomy'?

<p>False Dichotomy (Either-Or Fallacy).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Appeal to Authority' refer to?

<p>Appeal to Authority.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of 'False Analogy'?

<p>False Analogy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Relativism (Cultural Relativism)' refer to?

<p>Relativism (Cultural Relativism).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of 'Ethnocentrism'?

<p>Ethnocentrism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of 'Dualism'?

<p>Dualism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of 'Materialism'?

<p>Materialism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Idealism' refer to?

<p>Idealism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Non-Physicalism'?

<p>Non-Physicalism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Sentience' refer to?

<p>Sentience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Self-Concept Theory'?

<p>Self-Concept Theory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Cartesian Dualism'?

<p>Cartesian Dualism (Descartes' Mind-Body Dualism).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Trichotomy'?

<p>Trichotomy (Body, Soul, and Spirit).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Stereotyping'?

<p>Stereotyping (Confirmation Bias).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Religious Bias'?

<p>Religious Bias.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is an example of 'Begging the Question' fallacy?

<p>Since God exists, we can conclude that heaven exists. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is an example of 'Ad Hominem' fallacy?

<p>The politician's policies are bad because he's a known liar. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is an example of 'Hasty Generalization' fallacy?

<p>I had a bad experience with a taxi driver once, so all taxi drivers are unreliable. (A), I saw a few students cheating on the test, so cheating is rampant in this school. (C), My neighbor's dog is always barking, so all dogs are noisy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is an example of 'False Dilemma' fallacy?

<p>You're either with us or against us. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is an example of 'Straw Man Fallacy'?

<p>My opponent wants to ban all guns, and that would leave us defenseless. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is an example of 'Slippery Slope' fallacy?

<p>If we allow same-sex marriage, next thing you know, people will be marrying their pets. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is an example of 'Appeal to Emotion' fallacy?

<p>Think of all the children who will suffer if this law is passed. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is an example of 'Appeal to Authority' fallacy?

<p>My doctor said that this herbal remedy is a cure for cancer. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is an example of 'False Analogy' fallacy?

<p>Trying to fix a broken relationship is like trying to put a broken vase back together. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is an example of 'Red Herring' fallacy?

<p>You're criticizing my policies, but what about the corruption in the previous administration? (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is an example of 'Confirmation Bias'?

<p>I only read news articles that confirm my pre-existing beliefs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Ad Hominem

Attacking the character or circumstances of an individual instead of their argument.

Fallacy

A subtly deceptive argument or reasoning that is misleading.

Epistemology

Study of the origin and nature of human knowledge.

Social and Political Philosophy

Analyzes human conduct and social structures, including political systems.

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Objective Reality

The state of existence of things independent of human consciousness.

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Metaphysics

Branch of Philosophy addressing reality beyond the physical.

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Ontology

Study of being, focusing on existence and its ultimate causes.

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Theodicy

Justification of the goodness of God despite evil in the world.

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Rationalism

Theory that knowledge is derived from reason rather than experience.

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Empiricism

Theory that knowledge comes from experience and observation.

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Logical Analysis

Examines the validity or truthfulness of arguments.

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Hasty Generalization

Drawing a conclusion based on insufficient evidence or examples.

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Straw Man Fallacy

Refuting an opponent's argument by misrepresenting it.

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Red Herring

Introducing irrelevant information to divert attention from the original issue.

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Ad Populum

Appeal to popularity; believing something is true just because many people think so.

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False Dilemma

Presenting two options as the only possibilities when more exist.

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Appeal to Authority

Believing a claim is true because an authority figure says so.

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Faulty Analogy

Creating a misleading comparison between two things that aren't alike.

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Complex Question

A question that assumes something not proven or agreed upon.

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Self-Concept Theory

The idea that living meaningfully hinges on one's self-concept.

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Dualism

Belief that humans are composed of a physical body and a non-physical mind or spirit.

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Materialism

Belief that physical processes determine the mind's state.

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Axiology

Study of the origins and nature of values and ethics.

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Self-reflection (Introspection)

The process of examining one's own thoughts and feelings.

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Non-Physicalism

Theory suggesting reality involves non-physical entities.

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Sentience

The capacity to feel, perceive, and experience subjectively.

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Avicenna’s Floating Man Thought Experiment

Demonstrates existence of consciousness independent of the body.

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Cartesian Dualism

Descartes' theory of mind and body being separate yet interacting entities.

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Trichotomy

Concept that humans consist of body, soul, and spirit.

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Holism

Belief that humans are an integrated whole without distinctions between components.

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Dichotomy

The division of something into two parts or categories.

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Empirical Theory

Knowledge based on observation and experience.

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Relativism

Truth is dependent on individual perspectives and cultural contexts.

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Constructivist Theory

Knowledge is constructed through social processes and interactions.

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Ethnocentrism

Evaluating other cultures based on one's own cultural norms.

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Media Bias

When media coverage is slanted to favor a certain viewpoint.

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Study Notes

Attacking the Character or Circumstances

  • Criticizing an individual's character or background.

Subtle Deception in Reasoning

  • Using misleading arguments or reasoning.

Study of Knowledge

  • Investigating the origin, structure, methods, limits, and truthfulness of knowledge.
  • Includes analyzing human actions, societal structures, and political systems.

Misconceptions

  • False or incorrect ideas.

Existence Independent of Consciousness

  • A concept referring to things existing outside of human perception.

Branch of Philosophy Addressing Reality

  • Philosophical study of reality beyond the physical world, exploring ultimate causes, purposes, and principles.

Consciousness of Something

  • Consciousness is always aware of something.

Meaningful Living and Self-Concept

  • Living a meaningful life depends on one's self-image.

Studying the Nature of Human Knowledge

  • Investigating the origin, characteristics, criteria, and limits of human knowledge.

Evaluating Values

  • Analyzing the nature, origins, and criteria for evaluating values.

Types of Perspectives

  • Introspection: Examining one's own thoughts and feelings.
  • Economic: A perspective focused on economic principles.
  • Theological: A perspective considering religious and spiritual aspects.

Justifying the Goodness of God

  • Explaining the existence of evil while upholding the goodness of God.

Priori Knowledge

  • Knowledge known through reason or pure thought, independent of sensory experience.

Posteriori Knowledge

  • Knowledge gained through sensory experience and observation.

Assessing Knowledge Validity

  • Examining the truthfulness of knowledge.

Applying General Rules to Exceptions

  • Attempting to apply a general principle to all situations, ignoring exceptions.

Introducing Irrelevant Topics

  • Diverting attention from the original issue with unrelated subjects.

Resigning as President

  • Example of introducing irrelevant topic to an arguments (that the president is resigning as a president, because others disagreed on an idea).

Belief in Life After Death

  • Argue for the reality of an afterlife based on widespread belief.

Conditional Love

  • "Either you love me or you hate me".

School Coaching Policy

  • School policy example of a conditional rule, impacting game participation.

Voting without Considering Candidates

  • People voting without evaluating candidate merits.

Wife Talking About Cleaning Garage

  • Example of a conversation about cleaning duties, focusing on furniture in particular.

Political Candidate's Actions

  • Example of judging a political candidate's character based on observed actions.
  • Charity, faith, and volunteerism can suggest honesty or morality.

Marriage as a Sin

  • Example of a biased statement: Claiming that same-sex marriage is sinful.

Country's Politics

  • Example of a biased statement: The media's description of a political conflict as "a war on drugs" may overlook or minimize other factors.

Examples of Bias

  • Bias seen in political or social contexts, affecting views in the media or reported events.

Types of Arguments and Fallacies

  • Various arguments including ad hominem, fallacies like begging the question, and hasty generalization.

Philosophical Theories

  • Various philosophical perspectives including empiricism, relativism, constructivism, dualism, idealism, and trichotomy.

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Description

Test your understanding of key philosophical concepts including the nature of knowledge, existence, and consciousness. This quiz explores various aspects of human reasoning, misconceptions, and meaningful living. Dive into the intriguing world of philosophy and assess your insights!

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