Philosophy and Knowledge Quiz

Attacking the Character or Circumstances

• Criticizing an individual's character or background.

Subtle Deception in Reasoning

• Using misleading arguments or reasoning.

Study of Knowledge

• Investigating the origin, structure, methods, limits, and truthfulness of knowledge.
• Includes analyzing human actions, societal structures, and political systems.

Misconceptions

• False or incorrect ideas.

Existence Independent of Consciousness

• A concept referring to things existing outside of human perception.

Branch of Philosophy Addressing Reality

• Philosophical study of reality beyond the physical world, exploring ultimate causes, purposes, and principles.

Consciousness of Something

• Consciousness is always aware of something.

Meaningful Living and Self-Concept

• Living a meaningful life depends on one's self-image.

Studying the Nature of Human Knowledge

• Investigating the origin, characteristics, criteria, and limits of human knowledge.

Evaluating Values

• Analyzing the nature, origins, and criteria for evaluating values.

Types of Perspectives

• Introspection: Examining one's own thoughts and feelings.
• Economic: A perspective focused on economic principles.
• Theological: A perspective considering religious and spiritual aspects.

Justifying the Goodness of God

• Explaining the existence of evil while upholding the goodness of God.

Priori Knowledge

• Knowledge known through reason or pure thought, independent of sensory experience.

Posteriori Knowledge

• Knowledge gained through sensory experience and observation.

Assessing Knowledge Validity

• Examining the truthfulness of knowledge.

Applying General Rules to Exceptions

• Attempting to apply a general principle to all situations, ignoring exceptions.

Introducing Irrelevant Topics

• Diverting attention from the original issue with unrelated subjects.

Resigning as President

• Example of introducing irrelevant topic to an arguments (that the president is resigning as a president, because others disagreed on an idea).

Belief in Life After Death

• Argue for the reality of an afterlife based on widespread belief.

Conditional Love

• "Either you love me or you hate me".

School Coaching Policy

• School policy example of a conditional rule, impacting game participation.

Voting without Considering Candidates

• People voting without evaluating candidate merits.

Wife Talking About Cleaning Garage

• Example of a conversation about cleaning duties, focusing on furniture in particular.

Political Candidate's Actions

• Example of judging a political candidate's character based on observed actions.
• Charity, faith, and volunteerism can suggest honesty or morality.

Marriage as a Sin

• Example of a biased statement: Claiming that same-sex marriage is sinful.

Country's Politics

• Example of a biased statement: The media's description of a political conflict as "a war on drugs" may overlook or minimize other factors.

Examples of Bias

• Bias seen in political or social contexts, affecting views in the media or reported events.

Types of Arguments and Fallacies

• Various arguments including ad hominem, fallacies like begging the question, and hasty generalization.

Philosophical Theories

• Various philosophical perspectives including empiricism, relativism, constructivism, dualism, idealism, and trichotomy.