Podcast
Questions and Answers
According to Socrates, what is the nature of reality?
According to Socrates, what is the nature of reality?
- Reality consists only of the ideal, with no physical component.
- Reality is solely based on physical experiences and observations.
- Reality is a unified concept, where the physical and ideal realms are indistinguishable.
- Reality is dichotomous, divided into a changeable physical realm and an eternal ideal realm. (correct)
Socrates believed that a key aspect of living a good life involved:
Socrates believed that a key aspect of living a good life involved:
- Constantly questioning and examining one's beliefs and values. (correct)
- Accepting everything at face value without questioning it.
- Prioritizing physical pleasures and material possessions above all else.
- Blindly following societal norms and traditions.
According to Socrates, what happens to the soul upon death?
According to Socrates, what happens to the soul upon death?
- The soul becomes trapped in the physical realm.
- The soul ceases to exist.
- The soul is immortal. (correct)
- The soul is destroyed; there is no afterlife.
What is the purpose of introspection, as it relates to understanding the self?
What is the purpose of introspection, as it relates to understanding the self?
What transformative experience led St. Augustine to a new understanding of himself?
What transformative experience led St. Augustine to a new understanding of himself?
According to St. Augustine, how does the body relate to the soul?
According to St. Augustine, how does the body relate to the soul?
What was René Descartes primarily concerned with understanding?
What was René Descartes primarily concerned with understanding?
What does Descartes mean by 'Cogito, ergo sum'?
What does Descartes mean by 'Cogito, ergo sum'?
Descartes would define a 'thinking thing' as something that:
Descartes would define a 'thinking thing' as something that:
According to John Locke, which of the following makes possible our belief that we are the same identity in different times and places?
According to John Locke, which of the following makes possible our belief that we are the same identity in different times and places?
What two elements are key in understand the self according to John Locke?
What two elements are key in understand the self according to John Locke?
According to John Locke, what are the key abilities of a person?
According to John Locke, what are the key abilities of a person?
What does Kant emphasize that our primary experience in the world is not?
What does Kant emphasize that our primary experience in the world is not?
What is the term Kant uses to describe the activity of our minds taking raw data of experience and creating a meaningful world?
What is the term Kant uses to describe the activity of our minds taking raw data of experience and creating a meaningful world?
According to Kant, what best describes 'a priori'?
According to Kant, what best describes 'a priori'?
What, according to Kant, in conjunction with ideas is combined to create experiences/perceived self?
What, according to Kant, in conjunction with ideas is combined to create experiences/perceived self?
Which philosopher describes the body as a trap and cage for the soul?
Which philosopher describes the body as a trap and cage for the soul?
Which philosopher was particularly focused on understanding the thinking process itself?
Which philosopher was particularly focused on understanding the thinking process itself?
Which of the following emphasizes the importance of consciousness and memory in understanding the self?
Which of the following emphasizes the importance of consciousness and memory in understanding the self?
Which philosopher connects the raw data of experience to the familiar and orderly world which we live in?
Which philosopher connects the raw data of experience to the familiar and orderly world which we live in?
Flashcards
Socrates on the Soul
Socrates on the Soul
Socrates believed the soul is immortal.
Master of Yourself
Master of Yourself
Using reason to control one's actions and passions for self-mastery and social stability.
Dichotomous Reality
Dichotomous Reality
According to Socrates, reality is divided into the physical realm and the ideal realm.
Physical Realm
Physical Realm
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Ideal Realm
Ideal Realm
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Introspection
Introspection
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Body as a Trap
Body as a Trap
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Thinking Thing
Thinking Thing
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What is a Person?
What is a Person?
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Consciousness
Consciousness
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Sensations
Sensations
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Meaning-Constructing Activity
Meaning-Constructing Activity
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Impressions
Impressions
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A Priori
A Priori
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Study Notes
- Philosophical perspectives of the self are explored.
- Common self-check questions include:
- Who am I?
- What is the meaning of my life?
- What is the reason for my being?
Socrates: The Soul as Immortal
- Emphasis on the importance of reason.
- "Bahala Na" refers to passive individuals.
- It's important to initiate action and be inquisitive.
- An unexamined life is not a good life.
- One should master oneself and use reason to master passion and promote social stability.
- Reality is dichotomous, divided into the Physical Realm and the Ideal Realm.
- Physical Realm is changeable, transient, imperfect.
- Physical Realm refers to the physical world and the body.
- Ideal Realm is unchanging, eternal, immortal.
- Ideal Realm refers to the soul.
- The self and soul are separable.
- The self has no container.
- Introspection is needed before reasoning.
Augustine
- Asked "Who Am I?" in 386 A.D.
- Augustine was overcome with uncertainty about his identity
- He was rescued by hearing God's voice, which urged him to read the Bible.
- Augustine was reborn as a Christian and a wholly new person.
- Plato's view: Ideal Realm (immortal soul) and Physical Realm (body dies).
- St. Augustine's view: Heaven in the Physical Realm, reunites with God after the body dies.
- Augustine described the body as a "trap" and a "cage" for the soul.
- "The soul makes war with the body."
- Augustine concludes the body must be united with the soul.
Rene Descartes
- Earlier philosophers explored fundamental questions of human existence.
- Descartes focused on understanding the thinking process.
- If the input is flawed, conclusions will be flawed.
- "Cogito ergo sum" - "I think therefore I am".
- A thinking thing doubts, understands, affirms, denies, wills, refuses, imagines, and perceives.
John Locke
- Empiricism is explored.
- A person is a thinking, intelligent being with reason and reflection abilities.
- A person considers themselves the same in different times and places.
- Consciousness involves being aware of thinking.
- Consciousness accompanies thinking and is a key part of the thinking process.
- Consciousness makes the belief in same identity across time and place possible.
- Consciousness and memory are very important in understanding the self.
Immanuel Kant
- All knowledge starts with sensations such as sounds, shapes, colors, tastes, feels, smells.
- The main experience of the world is not a disconnected stream of sensations.
- Meaning-constructing activity is what minds do.
- Minds take raw data of experience and synthesize it into a familiar, meaningful world.
- Impressions + Ideas = Experiences/Perceived Self.
- A priori: built in software.
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