Philosophical Approach in Administration
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Questions and Answers

Which approach to public administration focuses on what ought to be?

  • Practical Approach
  • Philosophical Approach (correct)
  • Legal Approach
  • Empirical Approach

    • Who was the advocate of the Legal Approach in the USA?

  • John Locke
  • Frank J. Goodnow (correct)
  • Thomas Hobbes
  • Plato

    • Who highlighted the relationship between law and administration in the essay 'The Study of Administration'?

  • John Locke
  • Frank J. Goodnow
  • Woodrow Wilson (correct)
  • Thomas Hobbes

    • Which approach studies public administration as part of law and emphasizes the constitutional/legal structure?

    <p>Legal Approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main criticism of the historical approach to public administration?

    <p>It neglects the socio-psychological variables in the organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did the historical approach to public administration come into existence?

    <p>During the era of laissez faire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to L.D. White, in which period did he describe American federal administration through his historical studies?

    <p>The Federalists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Lord Bryce criticize about 'historical parallels'?

    <p>They are generally interesting and sometimes illuminating but are always misleading</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the historical approach organize and interpret?

    <p>Information pertaining to administrative agencies in a chronological order</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of the historical approach to public administration?

    <p>Studying public administration through historical developments in the past</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Kautilya's Arthashastra provide glimpses of?

    <p>Past administrative system of India</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does history provide material for comparison regarding?

    <p>The development of administrative institutions and their fulfillment of purposes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does L.D. White describe in his historical studies entitled The Jeffersonians and The Republican Era?

    <p>American federal administration in its formative period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Lord Bryce say about 'historical parallels'?

    <p>They are generally interesting and sometimes illuminating but are always misleading</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to G.A. Almond, a 'system' is characterized by?

    <p>Comprehensiveness, interdependence, and absence of boundaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of system does not interact with its external environment?

    <p>Closed system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between physical/mechanical systems and biological/human systems?

    <p>Biological systems are open, while physical systems are closed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central concept of 'system' according to the text?

    <p>Behaviour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do administrative organisations primarily exhibit according to the text?

    <p>Comprehensiveness and interdependence with their environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the systems approach facilitate between parts of the system?

    <p>Information exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of the structural-functional approach in public administration?

    <p>Explaining the basic functions performed by structures in the political system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who first suggested the application of the structural-functional approach in public administration?

    <p>Dwight Waldo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the shortcomings of the structural-functional analysis in public administration?

    <p>Primarily focuses on static relationships rather than dynamic ones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who adopted the structural-functional approach in his model of 'prismatic society'?

    <p>F.W. Riggs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'behaviouralism' refer to?

    <p>A psychological term coined by John B. Watson</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who coined the term 'behaviouralism'?

    <p>John B. Watson</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one criticism of the behavioural approach in public administration?

    <p>Neglecting the individual behavior of public administrators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Approaches to Public Administration

    • The normative approach focuses on what ought to be in public administration.
    • The advocate of the Legal Approach in the USA was Goodnow.
    • The Legal Approach emphasizes the relationship between law and administration.
    • Woodrow Wilson highlighted the relationship between law and administration in his essay 'The Study of Administration'.
    • This approach studies public administration as part of law and emphasizes the constitutional/legal structure.

    Criticism of Historical Approach

    • The main criticism of the historical approach is that it lacks relevance to the present.

    Historical Approach

    • The historical approach came into existence in the 19th century.
    • L.D. White described American federal administration through his historical studies from 1800-1829.
    • Lord Bryce criticized 'historical parallels' for being misleading.
    • The historical approach organizes and interprets historical facts and events in public administration.
    • The main focus of the historical approach is on understanding the development of public administration over time.
    • Kautilya's Arthashastra provides glimpses of ancient Indian administration.
    • History provides material for comparison regarding institutions, policies, and administrative systems.
    • L.D. White described Jeffersonian and Republican eras in his historical studies.
    • Lord Bryce said that 'historical parallels' are misleading.

    Systems Approach

    • According to G.A. Almond, a 'system' is characterized by wholeness, boundedness, and interdependence.
    • A closed system is one that does not interact with its external environment.
    • The main difference between physical/mechanical systems and biological/human systems is that the latter is more complex and dynamic.
    • The central concept of 'system' is interdependence.
    • Administrative organizations primarily exhibit characteristics of open systems.
    • The systems approach facilitates integration and coordination between parts of the system.

    Structural-Functional Approach

    • The main focus of the structural-functional approach is on understanding how organizations function to achieve their goals.
    • The structural-functional approach was first suggested by Herbert Simon.
    • One of the shortcomings of the structural-functional analysis is that it oversimplifies complex administrative systems.
    • Fred Riggs adopted the structural-functional approach in his model of 'prismatic society'.

    Behavioural Approach

    • The term 'behaviouralism' refers to the study of human behaviour in organizations.
    • The term 'behaviouralism' was coined by Herbert Simon.
    • One criticism of the behavioural approach is that it focuses too much on individual behaviour and neglects the broader organizational context.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the oldest and most comprehensive philosophical approach in administration, focusing on normative principles and ideals underlying administrative activities. Topics include Plato's Republic, John Locke's Treatise on Civil Government, Thomas Hobbes's Leviathan, and other advocates of this approach.

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