Questions and Answers
What was the role of the president in France?
Ceremonial functions
What contributed to the economic growth in the Philippines during the early years of the Bagong Republika?
Both infrastructure projects and loans from other countries
Why did Senator Benigno 'Ninoy' Aquino Jr. return to the Philippines in 1983?
To reconcile with President Marcos Sr. for the welfare of the Philippines
What was the status of the writ of habeas corpus after the lifting of martial law in 1981?
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Who was acquitted in the investigation of Senator Aquino Jr.'s assassination?
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What measures are used to assess the progress of a country?
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What was the main reason for the opposition's boycott of the 1981 election?
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What was the consequence of Senator Aquino Jr.'s assassination?
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What was the title of the position held by Cesar A. Virata before becoming the Prime Minister?
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What was the reason behind President Marcos Sr.'s call for an election in 1981?
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What was the name of the contender who ran against President Marcos Sr. in the 1981 election?
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What was the outcome of the 1981 election?
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Study Notes
Political Challenges
- From 1981 to 1986, the Philippines experienced various challenges despite the lifting of martial law in 1981
- President Marcos Sr. retained significant power, with the writ of habeas corpus remaining suspended
- The government's budget was heavily allocated to the military, rather than other agencies
1981 Election
- President Marcos Sr. called for an election to showcase the country's normalization
- The opposition boycotted the election, with Alejo Santos, a former Secretary of National Defense, running as the presidential contender
- The election was speculated to be a manipulation by President Marcos Sr.
The New Republic
- On June 30, 1981, President Marcos Sr. declared the establishment of a new republic, introducing a parliamentary form of government
- Cesar A. Virata, former Finance Minister, was elected as the Prime Minister
- Despite the reform, President Marcos Sr. retained significant power through the issuance of Executive Orders
Economic Challenges
- The country experienced economic growth in the early years of the Bagong Republika, driven by infrastructure projects and foreign loans
- However, the economy declined in 1983
- Key economic measures include GDP, GNP, exchange rate, poverty incidence, and others, tracked by government agencies such as NEDA, Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, and the National Statistics Office
Assassination of Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino Jr.
- In 1983, Senator Aquino Jr. returned to the Philippines from exile, aiming to reconcile with President Marcos Sr. for the country's welfare
- He was assassinated at the Manila International Airport on August 21, 1983, along with a suspected communist hitman, Rolando Galman
- The assassination led to widespread fear and disorder, challenging the Marcos administration's political stance and increasing public scrutiny of the government's actions
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