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Questions and Answers
What primary influence shaped Filipino nationalism in the 19th century?
What primary influence shaped Filipino nationalism in the 19th century?
Which of the following was a significant outcome of over 300 years of Spanish colonial rule?
Which of the following was a significant outcome of over 300 years of Spanish colonial rule?
How did Spanish colonial rule impact the cultural expression of Filipinos?
How did Spanish colonial rule impact the cultural expression of Filipinos?
Which notable figure is associated with the rise of Filipino nationalism in the 19th century?
Which notable figure is associated with the rise of Filipino nationalism in the 19th century?
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What characterized the period of Spanish colonialism in the Philippines?
What characterized the period of Spanish colonialism in the Philippines?
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What was the main reason Rizal became a symbol of Filipino resistance?
What was the main reason Rizal became a symbol of Filipino resistance?
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What group did Andres Bonifacio lead during the Philippine Revolution?
What group did Andres Bonifacio lead during the Philippine Revolution?
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What inspired the Filipino revolutionaries in their fight against Spanish rule?
What inspired the Filipino revolutionaries in their fight against Spanish rule?
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When was Philippine independence declared?
When was Philippine independence declared?
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What event led to the cession of the Philippines from Spain to the United States?
What event led to the cession of the Philippines from Spain to the United States?
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Study Notes
Philippines Independence
- The Philippines' journey to independence involved resilience, nationalism, and a strong desire for self-determination.
- Spanish colonization lasted over 300 years (16th to 19th centuries), marked by significant cultural exchange (including the spread of Catholicism) and a hierarchical social structure.
- Spanish colonial rule also involved strict control over Filipinos, limiting their cultural expression and economic opportunities.
Rise of Filipino Nationalism
- The 19th century saw the emergence of Filipino nationalism, influenced by Western ideas, a growing literate class, and the examples of other independent nations.
- Key figures such as Jose Rizal, Marcelo H. del Pilar, and Andres Bonifacio played crucial roles in the nationalist movement.
- Rizal's novels, "Noli Me Tangere" and "El Filibusterismo," criticized Spanish rule and called for reforms.
The Philippine Revolution
- Inspired by the French Revolution and the American War for Independence, Filipinos launched an uprising (1896) against Spanish rule.
- Andres Bonifacio and the Katipunan (a secret society) led the armed resistance.
- The revolution, despite initial setbacks, gained momentum and led to a declaration of Philippine independence on June 12, 1898.
American Occupation
- The Spanish-American War (1898) resulted in Spain ceding the Philippines to the United States.
- Initial American support for Filipino independence shifted to establishing colonial control.
- This led to the Philippine-American War (1899-1902), another period of conflict.
Road to Independence
- Filipinos continued to fight for self-determination despite American occupation.
- Peaceful protests, political activism, and education helped build a case for independence.
- The Jones Act of 1916 granted greater autonomy to the Philippines.
Full Independence
- Finally, on July 4, 1946, the Philippines gained full independence from the United States and became a sovereign republic.
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Description
Test your knowledge about the Philippines' journey to independence, including the factors leading to nationalism and the key figures involved in the movement. Explore the significant events like the Philippine Revolution and the influence of Western ideas on Filipino nationalism.
