Questions and Answers
What year did the British capture Manila?
Jose Rizal supported the revolution led by Andres Bonifacio.
False
What did Jose Rizal write that contributed to Filipino nationalism?
Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo
Emilio Aguinaldo declared Philippine independence on 12 __________.
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Match the following events with their corresponding years:
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Which organization did Jose Rizal found?
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The Filipino-American War ended in 1902.
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Who was the leader of the Filipino revolutionaries that surrounded Manila in 1898?
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What was the aim of American rule in the Philippines during the early 20th century?
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The Philippines became a commonwealth in 1935 with full independence immediately following.
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Who became the first president of the independent Philippines?
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Ferdinand Marcos declared martial law on __________.
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Match the key figures with their roles:
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What major event happened on December 10, 1941?
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The land reform program in the 1960s was met with immediate success.
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What was the outcome of the election called by Marcos in February 1986?
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Who was the Philippines named after?
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The Philippines was a Portuguese colony for over 300 years.
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What were the first people in the Philippines primarily?
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Ferdinand Magellan landed in the Philippines in _____ .
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Which chief refused to submit to Spanish rule during Magellan's expedition?
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Match the event with its year:
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Spanish friars played a significant role in converting Filipinos to Islam.
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What agricultural product did people in the Philippines learn to grow between 3,000 BC and 2,000 BC?
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Who became president in 1992 and improved the infrastructure in the Philippines?
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Corazon Aquino was president during the early 21st century.
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What major natural disaster impacted Clark Air Base in 1992?
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In 1998, _____ was known as Erap and became president of the Philippines.
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Match the following presidents with their related events:
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Study Notes
Early History of the Philippines
- The Philippines is named after King Philip II of Spain and was a Spanish colony for over 300 years.
- Comprises approximately 7,641 islands, originally connected to mainland Asia during the last ice age.
- Early inhabitants were hunter-gatherers who transitioned to agriculture around 3,000 BC, cultivating rice and domesticating animals.
- Trade with China began in the 10th century AD, and by the 12th century AD, Islam was introduced by Arab merchants.
- Ferdinand Magellan arrived in 1521, claiming the islands for Spain; his conflict with Chief Lapu Lapu resulted in his death.
- Miguel Lopez de Legazpi established a permanent Spanish presence in 1565 with the founding of Cebu, followed by the establishment of Manila in 1571.
- Spanish colonial rule introduced feudalism and Catholicism, leading to significant cultural changes in the Philippines.
19th Century Nationalism and Revolution
- A rebellion in Cavite in 1872 was suppressed, but nationalist movements gained momentum, spearheaded by Jose Rizal.
- Rizal's novels "Noli Me Tangere" and "El Filibusterismo" inspired Filipinos and advocated for reform.
- The Liga Filipina, founded by Rizal in 1892, aimed for reform but led to his arrest and exile.
- Andres Bonifacio established the Katipunan, initiating the revolution in August 1896; Rizal’s execution inflamed public sentiment.
- The Spanish-American War in 1898 saw the U.S. defeat the Spanish fleet, leading to the declaration of Philippine independence by Emilio Aguinaldo on June 12, 1898.
- The U.S. took control of the Philippines following the Treaty of Paris, resulting in the Filipino-American War (1899-1902).
American Colonial Period
- The U.S. implemented a policy of "Benevolent Assimilation," attempting to Americanize the population but making some positive impacts on education and literacy.
- The Philippines became a commonwealth in 1935 under Manuel Quezon's presidency, with full independence promised in 1945.
- Japanese invasion began in December 1941, leading to occupation until American forces returned in October 1944, culminating in Philippine independence on July 4, 1946.
Post-Independence Developments
- Ferdinand Marcos was elected president in 1965, re-elected in 1969; his regime was marked by corruption and martial law declaration in 1972.
- Political tension escalated following the assassination of opposition leader Benigno Aquino in 1983, leading to public outrage.
- Cory Aquino united opposition and, despite Marcos's claims of electoral victory in 1986, public support led to Marcos's exile.
- Aquino survived multiple coup attempts and faced challenges with U.S. military bases, which ultimately left due to local opposition and the eruption of Mount Pinatubo.
Modern Era
- Fidel Ramos became president in 1992, overseen infrastructure improvements and economic growth.
- Joseph Estrada, elected in 1998, faced corruption allegations and was ousted in 2000, replaced by Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo.
- Post-2010, the Philippine economy grew at approximately 6% annually with ongoing industrialization.
- The projected population in 2024 is approximately 115 million people.
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Description
Explore the fascinating early history and 19th-century nationalism of the Philippines. This quiz covers significant events from the Spanish colonization to the rise of nationalistic movements. Test your knowledge on the key figures and cultural changes that shaped the archipelago.
