Philippine Revolution History

Study Notes

Hermano Pule, a key figure, fought for Filipino rights in the religious sphere in the 1840s, leading a revolt against Spanish religious authorities who denied Filipinos religious positions
Pule founded the Confraternity of Saint Joseph, a religious organization for Filipinos; this challenged the colonial system heavily controlled by Spanish friars
His actions predated the martyrdom of the GomBurZa, contributing meaningfully towards nationalist reform.

The GomBurZa, composed of Mariano Gomez, José Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora, were Filipino priests executed in 1872
Falsely accused of participating in the Cavite Mutiny, their execution sparked public outrage and strengthened Filipino resistance against Spanish oppression
Their courage and steadfastness inspired Filipinos , shaping nationalistic sentiments and driving a movement for reform.

Hermano Pule's actions, despite being unsuccessful in the short term, were crucial in raising awareness of colonial injustices
His efforts mirrored those of the GomBurza , contributing significantly toward a larger national consciousness of the need for reform and resistance.
A memorial commemorating the Hermano Pule Revolt exists.

Pedro Palaez, as a Filipino priest, advocated for the secularization of the church, working tirelessly to ensure Filipino priests had the same opportunities as Spanish clergy.
His work contributed to the broader empowering of Filipinos and paved way for the GomBurza martyrdom.

The Propaganda movement, known as the Asociacion Hispano-Filipino, spanned between 1872 - 1892.
Composed primarily of Filipino mestizos and creoles, they sought to address injustices of Spanish colonial rule.
Reformists utilized various forms of media like newspapers , essays, and novels to rally against the mistreatment of Filipinos.

Mariano Ponce: A Filipino physician, writer, and influential leader in the Propaganda Movement. He used pseudonyms to protect his identity and advocated reforms through writing.
Graciano López Jaena: A Filipino nationalist journalist and a key leader in the Propaganda Movement who advocated for civil rights and various reforms , contributing through publications.
Marcelo H. del Pilar: A Filipino nationalist lawyer, journalist, and a vital figure in the Propaganda Movement fought for civil rights for Filipinos through essays and publications.

A key Spanish Language newspaper, established in 1889, was the official publication of the Propaganda Movement.
Pioneered by Filipino writers and leaders in Spain aimed to advocate for reforms, raise public awareness, and promote Filipino causes.
Published for many years and considerably shaped Filipino nationalism.

Founded by Andres Bonifacio and organized in 1892.
Dedicated to promoting Filipino independence through peaceful means and subsequently through armed struggle.
The Katipunan was comprised of Filipinos from various backgrounds (farmers, workers, intellectuals) who united against Spanish oppression
Key leaders such as Andres Bonifacio, Emilio Jacinto, and Apolinario Mabini, played integral roles
Major publications such as the Kartilya ng Katipunan were crucial in shaping the ideology of the group

The Cry of Pugad Lawin in August 1896 marked a pivotal moment, symbolizing the collective decision to fight for independence.
The Battles of Pinaglabanan, Imus, Binakayan-Dalahican and Alapan highlighted the Filipinos' resolve and the impact of leaders like Aguinaldo.

Rizal's execution on December 30, 1896, was a significant event in the revolution, fueling further anti-colonial sentiment amidst Filipinos and inspiring national pride

A contentious meeting amongst Katipunan leaders in March 1897.
Criticized for its alleged unfairness in electing a new revolutionary government.
Resulted in a division between the Magdiwang and Magdalo factions.

A peace agreement between Spanish colonial authorities and Emilio Aguinaldo in December of 1897.
It addressed the Philippine Revolution by promising reforms and concessions in exchange for the exile of Aguinaldo and some other leaders

Formal declaration made on June 12, 1898, led by Emilio Aguinaldo.
Marked a significant milestone in the struggle for Filipino independence and set the stage for future conflicts