Philippine Revolution: Causes and Key Events

Study Notes

Cry of Pugad Lawin (1896): Andrés Bonifacio and the Katipunan led a mass gathering in Pugad Lawin, sparking the revolution
Battle of San Juan del Monte (1896): First major battle between Filipino revolutionaries and Spanish forces
Tejeros Convention (1897): Katipunan leaders met to establish a new government, with Emilio Aguinaldo as president
Biak-na-Bato Republic (1897): Short-lived republic established by Aguinaldo, with the Pact of Biak-na-Bato as its constitution
Spanish-American War (1898): Philippines declared independence from Spain, but was ceded to the United States

Andrés Bonifacio: Founder of the Katipunan, leader of the revolution
Emilio Aguinaldo: President of the Tejeros Convention and the Biak-na-Bato Republic
José Rizal: National hero, writer, and inspiration for the revolution

Filipinos faced economic grievances, including high taxes and forced labor, which contributed to the revolution
Political repression, such as limited freedom of speech and assembly, was another factor
Social injustices, including racial discrimination and unequal distribution of land, also played a role
Inspirations from European and American revolutions, such as the French Revolution, influenced the Philippine Revolution

The Cry of Pugad Lawin (1896) sparked the revolution, led by Andrés Bonifacio and the Katipunan
The Battle of San Juan del Monte (1896) was the first major battle between Filipino revolutionaries and Spanish forces
The Tejeros Convention (1897) established a new government, with Emilio Aguinaldo as president
The Biak-na-Bato Republic (1897) was a short-lived republic established by Aguinaldo, with the Pact of Biak-na-Bato as its constitution
The Spanish-American War (1898) led to the Philippines being ceded to the United States, despite declaring independence from Spain

Andrés Bonifacio founded the Katipunan and led the revolution
Emilio Aguinaldo was president of the Tejeros Convention and the Biak-na-Bato Republic
José Rizal was a national hero, writer, and inspiration for the revolution

The First Philippine Republic was established in 1899
Filipinos gained independence from Spain, but were eventually colonized by the United States
A national identity and sense of self-governance developed as a result of the revolution

The economic burden of Spanish colonial rule contributed to the revolution.
Restrictive social and political policies imposed by the Spanish fueled the desire for independence.
Growing nationalism and desire for independence led to the revolution.
The influence of liberal ideas from Europe and America inspired the revolution.

The Cry of Pugad Lawin (August 23, 1896) marked the beginning of the armed revolution against Spanish colonial rule, led by Andrés Bonifacio and the Katipunan society.
The Battle of San Juan del Monte (August 30, 1896) resulted in a Spanish defeat, a significant early victory for the revolutionaries.
The Tejeros Convention (March 22, 1897) led to the election of Emilio Aguinaldo as president of the revolutionary government, replacing Bonifacio.
The Biak-na-Bato Pact (December 14, 1897) established a truce between Aguinaldo and the Spanish government, resulting in the exile of revolutionaries in Hong Kong.

Andrés Bonifacio founded the Katipunan and led the revolution until his death in 1897.
Emilio Aguinaldo led the revolution after Bonifacio's death and became the first president of the First Philippine Republic.
José Rizal, a national hero, inspired the revolution, although he was not directly involved.

The revolution led to the establishment of the First Philippine Republic (1899-1901).
It inspired future nationalist movements in the Philippines.
Ultimately, the revolution contributed to the country's independence from Spanish colonial rule.