Questions and Answers
What classification does Professor Damiana Eugenio NOT include for Philippine proverbs?
What is the primary theme of the proverbs about life according to Eugenio's classification?
Which epic is known for the adventures of a hero named Lam-ang?
Which of these is a common theme in shorter narratives from early Philippine literature?
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What method of transmission has resulted in many Philippine epics remaining unwritten?
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What is the significance of the story of Sicalac and Sicavay in Philippine literature?
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How many extant epics are reported to have been discovered in the Philippines according to the ASEAN-sponsored study?
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Which group of Philippine epics is NOT mentioned in the content?
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What award did Don Isabelo de los Reyes win for his collection of folk tales in 1887?
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Which literary form did NOT evolve among early Filipinos?
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What was primarily the subject of the oral literature of precolonial Filipinos?
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Which of the following best describes the language used in most oral literature before it became part of cultural heritage?
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What function did prose narratives serve in prehistoric Philippines?
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What is the primary focus of the Doctrina Cristiana?
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In early Philippine theater, what primarily constituted the performance?
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What literary work highlights the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ?
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Which prayer is part of the Doctrina Cristiana?
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How many popular epic poems did most tribes in the Philippines traditionally possess?
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What was one of the key characteristics of the folk epics in prehistoric Filipino literature?
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What significant effect did Spanish colonization have on the Philippines?
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How did American colonization affect Philippine literature?
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What is a key theme found in the Pasion?
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What was one consequence of the Spanish colonization experience for Filipinos?
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What aspect of Filipino culture was notably impacted by Spanish colonization?
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What language was predominantly used in Philippine literature during the Japanese occupation?
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What major themes prevailed in the literature produced during the Japanese occupation?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of poem that emerged during the Japanese occupation?
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What marked the beginning of the flowering of Philippine literature in the post-war period?
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What characteristic of poetry was prominent during the post-war and contemporary period?
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What was one of the consequences of the strict monitoring during Japanese colonization?
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Which poetic form is characterized by 17 syllables divided into three lines?
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Which publication was NOT allowed to circulate during the Japanese occupation?
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Which painter was the first to receive the National Artist award posthumously?
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What is one of the criteria for an artist to be nominated as a National Artist of the Philippines?
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What role does the National Artist Secretariat play in the nomination process?
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What significant item is bestowed upon National Artist recipients during the conferment ceremony?
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What must an artist accomplish to differentiate themselves in their field for the National Artist nomination?
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Which of the following is NOT a requirement for the National Artist nomination?
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Who ultimately proclaims the final nominees as members of the Order of National Artists?
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For which forms of artistic expression can individuals be nominated for the National Artist award?
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Study Notes
Philippine Proverbs
- Classified into six groups: general attitudes toward life, ethical values, systems of values, truths about life, humor, and miscellaneous themes.
- An example proverb: "Ang hindi lumilingon sa pinanggalingan ay hindi makararating sa paroroonan" emphasizes importance of remembering one's roots.
Philippine Epics
- Major poetic and narrative forms, often chanted during rituals, many remain unwritten.
- Approximately 100 extant epics identified, especially prevalent in Palawan.
- Notable epics include "Biag ni Lam-ang," which follows a hero with extraordinary powers; begins at nine months old to seek vengeance.
- Other famous epics: "Sandayo," "Agyu," "Labaw Donggon," "Aliguyon," and "Hudhud."
Origin Stories
- Short narratives explain origins of humanity, celestial bodies, and natural elements.
- Tale of Sicalac and Sicavay depicts man and woman emerging from bamboo.
- Reflects themes of gender equality in indigenous cultures.
Precolonial Literature
- Oral literature marked by community experiences, daily life activities, nature, and moral teachings.
- Common forms: riddles, proverbs, and songs, using familiar language and themes.
- Drama primarily consisted of mimetic dances and religious rituals, evolving to represent natural cycles and communal activities.
Spanish Colonization Impact
- Literature during Spanish rule largely moralistic, influencing culture, education, and religious practices.
- Works like "Doctrina Cristiana" provided religious education with prayers and commandments, while "Pasion" narrates Christ's life.
- Spanish colonization led to mixed legacies of cultural enrichment and loss of freedom.
American Colonization Influence
- Introduction of English as a medium, alongside Spanish and local dialects.
- Literature reflected contemplations on national condition, adopting American writing styles.
- A shift in themes toward social issues and identity emerged.
Japanese Occupation of the Philippines
- Period marked by intense censorship, particularly in journalism, leading to a decline in publications.
- Flourishing of short stories and Tagalog drama, with themes of nationalism and life struggles.
- Introduction of new poetic forms: Haiku, Tanaga, and Karaniwang Anyo, exploring local themes through a Japanese lens.
Post-War and Contemporary Philippine Literature
- Revival of literature post-Martial Law, with focus on socially committed and personal narratives.
- Growth in various genres: poetry, essays, short stories, reflecting real-life themes like grief and aspirations.
- Emergence of significant cultural contributions, including National Artist awards recognizing influential artists and their impact on Filipino nationhood.
National Artist Award Criteria
- Open to living artists and those deceased since 1972, aiming to honor contributions to Filipino culture.
- Nominations based on creative expression, significant body of work, and recognition both nationally and internationally.
- Selection process involves a series of deliberations by experts, concluding with the President's proclamation in a formal ceremony.
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Description
Test your knowledge of Philippine proverbs as classified by Professor Damiana Eugenio. This quiz explores six distinct categories of proverbs, including ethical teachings, general truths, and humor. Discover how well you understand the wisdom of Filipino culture.
