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What is the purpose of the proverbs or aphorisms mentioned in the content?
The tanaga is a short form of folk lyric that is less emotionally charged than proverbs.
False
Name one type of folk song mentioned in the content.
lullabyes
The folk song expresses the hopes and aspirations of the people's __________.
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Match the following ethnic traditions with their characteristics:
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Which of the following epics is associated with the Subanon culture?
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Filipino epics are considered national histories like Germany's Nibelungenlied.
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What socio-political movements in the 1960s and 1970s influenced the change in attitudes towards Filipino identity?
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What is the primary purpose of the ambahan poem of the Mangyans?
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The kalusan is an example of a Kalinga song related to rice planting.
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Name one epic mentioned that originates from the Ilocano people.
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The drinking songs sung during carousals are referred to as __________.
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Match the following folk song types with their descriptions:
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the folk songs mentioned?
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The parang sabil is a type of narrative song that tells of non-Muslim exploits.
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What did the Spanish Colonial period contribute to Philippine literature?
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What is the earliest known pasyon in the Philippines?
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The korido is written in dodecasyllabic quatrains.
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Name two notable poets of secular lyrics.
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The _______ appended to novenas and catechisms has no fixed meter nor rhyme scheme.
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Match the following genres with their characteristics:
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What educational change allowed the Filipino elite to access printed works?
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Secular works emerged exclusively in the native languages of the Philippines.
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What type of themes do secular lyrics generally revolve around?
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Who is considered the author of the first Filipino novel?
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Free verse poetry was embraced by writers who were primarily focused on social consciousness.
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What was the main focus of the literary movement that highlighted the writer's individuality?
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The novels of Rizal are considered predominantly _______.
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Which form of writing greatly flourished in native languages through weekly magazines?
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Match the following writers with their contributions:
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The Balagtas tradition ceased to exist with the emergence of modern poetry.
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Name one essayist known for publishing in English during the 1920s.
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What type of literature continues to be produced by Filipino writers despite the lack of novels in English?
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Filipino writers produce only socially committed literature.
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Name one of the literary awards that encourage Filipino writers.
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The new requirement by the Commission on Higher Education emphasizes the teaching of __________ literature in tertiary schools.
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Match the following literary forms with their descriptions:
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What has contributed to the increasing consciousness of Filipino writers regarding their art?
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The audience for Filipino writers is uncertain due to the lack of teaching Philippine Literature in schools.
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What medium contributes to the bulk of literature available for Filipino writers?
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Study Notes
Philippine Literature
- Present-day Filipino writers, artists, and journalists are recognizing the country's rich ethnic traditions and disseminating them in schools and the media.
- This shift in attitude began in the 1960s and 1970s with the rise of nationalistic pride.
- Proverb and Aphorisms express norms of behavior, community beliefs, and values through short rhyming verse.
- Tanaga is a mono-rhyming heptasyllabic quatrain that expresses insights and lessons on life with more emotional charge than proverbs.
- Folk songs express hopes, aspirations, and lifestyles. They are often repetitive, sonorous, didactic, and naive.
- Epics are considered ethno-epics because they are “histories” of specific groups who consider themselves “nations.”
- Famous epics include:
- Guman (Subanon)
- Darangen (Maranao)
- Hudhud (Ifugao)
- Ulahingan (Manobo)
- Lam-ang (Ilocano)
- Hinilawod (Sulod)
- Kudaman (Palawan)
- Daraigen (Maranao)
- Ulahingan (Livunganen-Arumanen Manobo)
- Mangovayt Buhong na Langit (The Maiden of the Buhong Sky from Tuwaang–Manobo)
- Ag Tobig neg Keboklagan (Subanon)
- Tudbulol (T’boli)
- **Parang sabil ** is a narrative song from the Tausug of Mindanao about a Muslim hero who seeks death at the hands of non-Muslims.
- Memorial de la vida cristiana en lengua tagala (Guidelines for the Christian life in the Tagalog language) published in 1605 is an example of Spanish influence on Philippine literature.
- Dalit are meditative religious verses often appended to novenas and catechisms.
- Pasyon is a religious poem in octosyllabic quintillas that centers around Christ’s agony and resurrection at Calvary.
- Secular works published alongside historical and economic changes in the Philippines include romantic poems, essays, and short stories.
- Awit and korido are popular secular metrical romances set in dodecasyllabic quatrains (awit) and octosyllabic quatrains (korido).
- Ninay (1885) by Pedro Paterno is considered the first Filipino novel.
- English became the primary language of instruction in Philippines schools.
- Modernism in literature emphasized the writer’s individuality and craft, sometimes neglecting social consciousness.
- Free verse poetry was championed by Jose Garcia Villa and Angela Manalang Gloria.
- Vernacular literature flourished despite censorship through magazines like Liwayway, Bisaya, Hiligaynon, and Bannawag.
- Essays in English became a prominent literary form in the 1920s.
- The Commission on Higher Education now requires the teaching of Philippine Literature in all tertiary schools, which emphasizes vernacular and regional literatures.
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Description
Test your knowledge on present-day Filipino writers and the rich ethnic traditions reflected in Philippine literature. Explore various forms of literature such as proverbs, tanagas, folk songs, and epics. Discover the cultural significance of these genres and their impact on Filipino identity.
