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Questions and Answers
What was the primary focus of the education system during the American colonial period?
What was the primary focus of the education system during the American colonial period?
Which literary form gained prominence in the latter part of the American colonial period?
Which literary form gained prominence in the latter part of the American colonial period?
What did many Filipino writers prefer to use during the transition period despite the introduction of English?
What did many Filipino writers prefer to use during the transition period despite the introduction of English?
What major event occurred on July 4, 1946, concerning the Philippines?
What major event occurred on July 4, 1946, concerning the Philippines?
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What term refers to American teachers who worked in the Philippines after the introduction of English?
What term refers to American teachers who worked in the Philippines after the introduction of English?
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Which period marks the emergence of new literary styles and subject matters influenced by American education?
Which period marks the emergence of new literary styles and subject matters influenced by American education?
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What common themes were prevalent in plays during the American colonial period?
What common themes were prevalent in plays during the American colonial period?
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What was a characteristic of the literary works produced by Filipino writers at the beginning of the American colonial period?
What was a characteristic of the literary works produced by Filipino writers at the beginning of the American colonial period?
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Who was the author of the national anthem of the Philippines?
Who was the author of the national anthem of the Philippines?
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During which period did Ferdinand Marcos declare Martial Law?
During which period did Ferdinand Marcos declare Martial Law?
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Which of the following literary genres is associated with expressing love for the country and romantic feelings?
Which of the following literary genres is associated with expressing love for the country and romantic feelings?
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Who was the President of the Philippines immediately before Benigno Aquino III?
Who was the President of the Philippines immediately before Benigno Aquino III?
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Which notable figure is recognized for sewing the Philippine Flag?
Which notable figure is recognized for sewing the Philippine Flag?
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What musical style characterizes Kundiman songs?
What musical style characterizes Kundiman songs?
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Which award did Carlos P. Romulo receive for his literary works?
Which award did Carlos P. Romulo receive for his literary works?
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Who is often referred to as 'Ama ng Masa'?
Who is often referred to as 'Ama ng Masa'?
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What is the title of the first short story written in English?
What is the title of the first short story written in English?
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Who won the first prize for his novel 'His Native Soil'?
Who won the first prize for his novel 'His Native Soil'?
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What was the main purpose of the KALIBAPI during the Japanese occupation?
What was the main purpose of the KALIBAPI during the Japanese occupation?
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What event signaled the beginning of Philippine liberation from Japan?
What event signaled the beginning of Philippine liberation from Japan?
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Who was appointed as President of the Philippines under the Japanese-sponsored Republic?
Who was appointed as President of the Philippines under the Japanese-sponsored Republic?
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What was true about writing during the Japanese Colonial Period?
What was true about writing during the Japanese Colonial Period?
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What was the estimated number of prisoners who died during the Death March?
What was the estimated number of prisoners who died during the Death March?
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Which notable writer's work is considered the first Filipino novel in English?
Which notable writer's work is considered the first Filipino novel in English?
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What is the significance of Pedro Paterno's work entitled 'Ninay'?
What is the significance of Pedro Paterno's work entitled 'Ninay'?
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Which of the following novels are associated with the themes of corruption and abuse by Spanish officials?
Which of the following novels are associated with the themes of corruption and abuse by Spanish officials?
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What was the name of the poem written by Andres Bonifacio?
What was the name of the poem written by Andres Bonifacio?
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Who is known as the 'Mother of Philippine Women's Literature'?
Who is known as the 'Mother of Philippine Women's Literature'?
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In what languages did Leona Florentino write her poetry?
In what languages did Leona Florentino write her poetry?
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What form of journalism can be considered literature when it achieves a certain level of satisfaction?
What form of journalism can be considered literature when it achieves a certain level of satisfaction?
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Who became the first President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines?
Who became the first President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines?
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Which agreement did Aguinaldo sign with the Spanish general?
Which agreement did Aguinaldo sign with the Spanish general?
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Who assumed the presidency after Manuel L. Quezon's death?
Who assumed the presidency after Manuel L. Quezon's death?
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Which president of the Philippines died in an airplane crash?
Which president of the Philippines died in an airplane crash?
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What significant event is associated with Corazon Aquino?
What significant event is associated with Corazon Aquino?
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What was the economic situation during Cory Aquino's administration described as?
What was the economic situation during Cory Aquino's administration described as?
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What major change did Diosdado P. Macapagal implement regarding Independence Day?
What major change did Diosdado P. Macapagal implement regarding Independence Day?
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What was the first notable work after World War II in the Philippines?
What was the first notable work after World War II in the Philippines?
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Which president was in power when the EDSA People Power Revolution occurred?
Which president was in power when the EDSA People Power Revolution occurred?
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How much debt was the Philippines forced to pay by the IMF?
How much debt was the Philippines forced to pay by the IMF?
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Study Notes
Philippine Literature and Historical Context
- Pedro Paterno's "Ninay" is recognized as the first novel published by a Filipino author.
- José Rizal's novels, "Noli Me Tangere" and "El Filibusterismo," expose corruption by Spanish officials and clergy.
- Andrés Bonifacio, founder of the Katipunan, wrote the poem “Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa” published in Kalayaan in March 1896.
- Leona Florentino, known as the “Mother of Philippine Women’s Literature,” wrote poetry in Ilocano and Spanish; 20 of her poems were included in the Encyclopedia Internationale des Oeuvres des Femme in 1889.
American Colonial Period (1910-1945)
- Manuel L. Quezon became the first President of the Commonwealth, focusing on education reforms in Reading, Writing, and Arithmetic.
- The Philippine Normal University, the first school established on September 1, 1901, helped normalize English as a medium of education.
- Thomasites were American teachers who facilitated education in the Philippines.
- Indonesian independence war marked a transition in literature with the introduction of English, resulting in works initially perceived as imitative.
- "Dead Stars" by Paz Marquez Benitez was the first short story written in English in the Philippines.
Japanese Colonial Period (1942-1945)
- The Philippines was invaded by Japan on December 8, 1941, igniting resistance from guerilla groups.
- Censorship prevailed, downplaying freedom of expression; only select writers like Carlos P. Romulo could publish freely.
- Aguinaldo collaborated with the Japanese, attempting to suppress Filipino and American opposition.
Post-Colonial Period (1945-Present)
- The EDSA People Power Revolution in 1986 expelled Ferdinand Marcos, marking a significant turning point in Philippine democracy.
- After World War II, Macario Pineda’s “Ginto sa Makiling” emerged as an important narrative highlighting social, political, and moral aspects of the Philippines.
- The presidency saw multiple leadership changes, including Emilio Aguinaldo, Manuel L. Quezon, and finally Marcos, whose administration was marked by Martial Law from 1972 to 1986.
- The cultural impact of various literary forms evolved throughout periods of American and Japanese occupation, further shaping Filipino identity and narratives.
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Description
Explore the significance of Pedro Paterno's novel 'Ninay', the first published work by a Filipino author. Delve into the themes of corruption and abuse depicted in José Rizal's renowned novels 'Noli Me Tangere' and 'El Filibusterismo', along with the life of national hero Andres Bonifacio. This quiz will test your knowledge of Philippine literature and its historical context.
