17 Questions
What event marked the end of the Spanish colonization of the Philippines?
The Treaty of Paris
Who, under whose command, attacked the Spanish Navy on May 1, 1898?
U.S. Navy Admiral George Dewey
What was the outcome of Emilio Aguinaldo's declaration of independence on June 12, 1898?
United States' disagreement with the declaration
What did the United States do after losing to Spain in relation to the Philippines?
Paid Spain for the Philippines
Why did Emilio Aguinaldo and fellow Filipinos declare independence on June 12, 1898?
To form an independent nation
Who was the first American Governor-General of the Philippines during the American colonial period?
William Howards Taft
Which ship brought six hundred American teachers to the Philippines during the American colonial period?
USS Thomas (Thomasites)
Who edited the first-ever collection of English poetry called 'Filipino Poetry'?
Rodolfo Dato
Who published the English German Anthology of Poets featuring works from poets between 1924 and 1934?
Pablo Laslo
During the American colonial period, which language was declared as the official language of the Philippines?
English
Which Filipino poet was not featured in the English German Anthology of Poets?
Fernando Maramag
Who were the six poets featured in the pre-war collection 'Chorus for America: Six Philippine Poets'?
Jose Garcia Villa, Rafael Zulueta da Costa, Rodrigo T.Feria, C.B.Rigor, Cecilio Baroga, Carlos Bulosan
What was the purpose of the U.P. Writers Club, founded in 1926?
To enhance and propagate the language of Shakespeare
Which short story is considered the landmark of the maturity of the Filipino writer in English according to the text?
'Dead Stars' by Paz Marquez Benitez
Who is the protagonist of the story 'Dead Stars'?
Alfredo Salazar
What is one common theme found in 'Dead Stars'?
Infatuation and questioning of love
Which group of writers began to exert influence among the culturati when the University of the Philippines was founded in 1908?
An elite group of English writers
Study Notes
American Colonial Period in the Philippines
- The Philippines became a US colony in 1898 after the US paid Spain $20 million as part of the Treaty of Paris.
- The American forces, led by U.S. Navy Admiral George Dewey, joined Emilio Aguinaldo to attack the Spanish Navy in May 1898.
- On June 12, 1898, Emilio Aguinaldo and fellow Filipinos declared independence, but the US didn't agree with this declaration, leading to a guerrilla war.
Government and Language
- Civil government was established by the Americans in 1901, with William Howard Taft as the first American Governor-General of the Philippines.
- English was declared the official language, and 600 American teachers were imported to teach Filipinos.
Philippine Literature in English
- Philippine literature in English was influenced by American models of writing during its period of apprenticeship.
- The first collection of English poetry, "Filipino Poetry," was edited by Rodolfo Dato in 1909 and featured works from various poets.
- The English German Anthology of Poets, edited by Pablo Laslo, was published in 1924-1934 and included works from poets like Teofilo D.Agcaoili, Aurelio Alvero, and Horacio de la Costa.
- A third pre-war collection of poetry, "Chorus for America: Six Philippine Poets," was edited by Carlos Bulosan and featured poets like Jose Garcia Villa, Rafael Zulueta da Costa, and Rodrigo T.Feria.
Fiction and Short Stories
- The period of apprenticeship in literary writing in English was marked by imitation of American fictionists' style of storytelling and strict adherence to the craft of the short story.
- Leopoldo Yabes' study of the Philippine short story in English from 1925 to 1955 points to American fictionists' influence on early writers like Francisco Arcellana, A.E.Litiatco, and Paz Latorena.
- The University of the Philippines was founded in 1908, and an elite group of writers in English began to exert influence among the culturati.
- The U.P.Writers Club, founded in 1926, aimed to enhance and propagate the "language of Shakespeare."
- Paz Marquez Benitez's short story, "Dead Stars" (1925), marked the maturity of the Filipino writer in English.
Test your knowledge on Philippine Literature in English with this quiz focused on the teachings of Raymond W. Dela Cuesta, LPT, MAED Lit 3 instructor. From jumbled letters to exploring different literary works, challenge yourself and have fun!
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