Philippine Literature in English Quiz

Questions and Answers

What does S.P. Lopez consider the highest form of art?

Art that prioritizes beauty over utility

Art focused on strict adherence to traditional forms

Art that arises from deep compassion and longing for freedom (correct)

Art that ignites anger towards oppressors

José García Villa's stance on art is best described as which of the following?

Art is meant for social change

Art is centered on personal experience and narrative

Art should primarily be a discipline

Art must prioritize beauty over utility and meaning (correct)

Prior to the 1920s, poetry was primarily characterized as:

Focused on personal narrative and subjective experiences

Deeply emotional and imaginative

Merely versification and exercises in rhetoric (correct)

Highly experimental and modernist

What influence shaped the early 20th-century Filipino poetry?

Romanticism and the temperament of the Filipino Signup and view all the answers

How did early 20th-century poetry reflect the sentiments of its time?

It expressed rich lyricism and sincere emotions Signup and view all the answers

What did López believe about the artist's role in society?

To improve the condition of humanity and defend freedom Signup and view all the answers

What aspect did early poems prioritize according to the content provided?

Strict adherence to classical forms Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about the emotional quality of early Filipino poetry?

It reflected deep personal and subjective feelings Signup and view all the answers

What triggered the development of Philippine Literature in English?

The founding of the University of the Philippines in 1908 Signup and view all the answers

How did the view of nationalism in Philippine literature change before the war?

It moved towards rejecting American influences Signup and view all the answers

Which publication became the most prestigious college literary publication in the Philippines?

The Literary Apprentice Signup and view all the answers

Before the establishment of the Commonwealth, what characterized many literary attempts?

Personal themes about love and life's experiences Signup and view all the answers

What did the use of 'local color' in literature refer to?

Incorporating local customs, landscapes, and traditions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following publications was NOT mentioned in the content as encouraging literary attempts?

Filipino Review Signup and view all the answers

Which literary movement intensified in the years leading up to World War II?

Realism and social consciousness Signup and view all the answers

What was a key characteristic of the elite's language preference in the previous era?

Complex and ornate phraseology Signup and view all the answers

What was the title of the volume published by Paz Marquez Benítez in 1928?

Filipino Love Stories Signup and view all the answers

What year did José García Villa publish the Filipino Short Stories?

1929 Signup and view all the answers

According to José García Villa, what two elements are essential in creating a good short story?

Subject and Form Signup and view all the answers

Who was mentioned as a significant figure in promoting socially conscious writings?

S.P. Lopez Signup and view all the answers

What term did S.P. Lopez use to describe the process of making writings socially engaged?

Conscienticize Signup and view all the answers

What impact did the debate between López and Villa have on Philippine literature during the late 30s?

It gave Philippine literature a conscience. Signup and view all the answers

What was one characteristic that Villa believed a good short story must possess?

Architectural execution Signup and view all the answers

What writing market did S.P. Lopez eventually refer to in regards to Filipino writers?

A global audience Signup and view all the answers

What key event occurred around 1949 in relation to Philippine literature?

An anthology of Filipino poetry was published. Signup and view all the answers

Which contest is recognized as the country's most prestigious annual literary competition?

Carlos Palanca Sr. Memorial Awards for Literature Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant motivation for writers during the post-war period?

The availability of an audience for their work Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a college paper reactivated during the post-war period?

Ateneo de Manila University Review Signup and view all the answers

Jose Garcia Villa's influence extended to which group during the post-war era?

American writers Signup and view all the answers

Which institution offered a course in Contemporary Philippine Literature in English?

National Teachers College Signup and view all the answers

What was the general sentiment towards post-war writers in the Philippine literary scene?

Outpouring of encouragement and support Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of Philippine literature was included in the civil service examination by the Bureau of Civil Service?

Philippine Literature Signup and view all the answers

What key event in the 1970s influenced the emergence of the Protest Motif in fiction?

The rise of student activism worldwide Signup and view all the answers

What is one characteristic of post-modernistic traits seen in contemporary fiction?

Deliberate rejection of plot and conventional elements Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the state of literature after the deposition of Marcos?

Greater freedom and less political constraints Signup and view all the answers

What did Emmanuel Torres argue concerning poets writing in English?

They exclude themselves from certain national themes Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant consequence of the younger writers' backtracking to socio-political realities?

The rise of engaged or committed literature Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the major themes in the literature influenced by student activism?

Critique of social inequities Signup and view all the answers

How did the concept of 'naturalizing' English relate to Philippine literature?

It aimed to align English with Filipino values and expressions Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of reality became more conscious for fictionists during the era discussed?

Political and social realities Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Language Transition

Adaptation to English occurred as Spanish dominance waned in the elite circle during the 1930s.
English replaced Spanish gradually, fostering a new literary landscape and discourse.

Rise of Philippine Literature in English

Established in 1908, the University of the Philippines spurred development in Philippine literature using English.
Publications like the UP College Folio and others (e.g., The Philippine Review, Philippine Free Press) encouraged English literary expression.

Emergence of National Literature

The Commonwealth's establishment in 1935 prompted a shift toward creating a "national literature," focusing on local themes and cultural identity.
Earlier writings were often personal and romantic, but the 1930s witnessed a shift to realism and social consciousness.

Literary Conflict

A significant debate emerged between proponents of nationalism and those favoring pure artistry:
- Salvador P. López advocated art reflecting social issues and humanity's struggles.
- José García Villa promoted "art for art's sake," emphasizing aesthetic enjoyment over societal function.

Poetry and Fiction Development (1920-1941)

Early poems resembled rhetorical exercises lacking artistic depth, primarily influenced by Romantic and Victorian styles.
Notable collections included Filipino Love Stories and Filipino Short Stories, emphasizing vital, well-crafted storytelling.

Proletarian Literature

S.P. López encouraged a socially conscious approach among writers, contributing to the emergence of Proletarian literature during the late 1930s.
Literature gained a conscience, promoting awareness of social issues and injustices.

Post-War Resurgence

Post-war literature surged with renewed publications and literary contests (e.g., Carlos Palanca Sr. Memorial Awards) supporting writer development.
Philippine Literature in English became a core academic subject, ensuring an audience for writers.

Contemporary Literature (1971-Present)

In the 1970s, student activism inspired a protest motif in fiction, leading to engaged literature reflecting political and social realities.
Writers addressed poverty, social inequities, and the struggle for freedom while experimenting with post-modernism, often rejecting traditional storytelling elements.

Perspective on Language and Expression

Emmanuel Torres highlighted challenges faced by English writers, noting exclusion from vernacular themes integral to Filipino identity.
Emphasized the necessity of naturalizing English to reflect Filipino culture, ultimately advocating for a national language in literature.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the evolution of Philippine literature in English, particularly from the early 20th century to the 1930s. Explore how cultural shifts and educational institutions influenced literary expression and the debates surrounding nationalism in literature.