Philippine Literature During Colonial Periods

A prominent Filipino poet known as the Master of Traditional Tagalog Poetry, author of Florante at Laura.

The most famous metrical romance in Philippine literature, written by Francisco Baltazar.

First Filipino to publish a poetry collection in Spanish and author of the first Filipino novel, Ninay.

National hero of the Philippines, known for the novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo that criticize Spanish rule.

Founder of the Katipunan and author of the poem 'Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa'.

Revered as the Mother of Philippine Women's Literature, she wrote in both Ilocano and Spanish.

A period in Philippine history (1910-1945) characterized by American influence in literature and education.

Most prevalent literary form among Filipino writers during the latter part of the American colonial period.

Under Quezon, English usage in publications was halted in favor of Tagalog and vernaculars.

A form of poetry with three lines and syllable pattern 5-7-5, totaling 17 syllables.

Publication that compiled notable Tagalog short stories such as 'Ang Pinakamabuting Maikling Kathang Pilipino ng 1943'.

Filipino author who won a Pulitzer Prize for his works including 'I Saw the Fall of the Philippines'.

Awards established in 1950 to recognize outstanding literary works by Filipino authors.

A literary approach that reflects on social issues such as poverty and injustice.

Literature reflecting the blend of Spanish and American influences after colonial rule.

Short stories and novels addressing themes of freedom and social issues became prevalent.

The introduction of the American education system and English led to new literary forms in the Philippines.

Early literary works in English were mainly copies of existing styles and themes.

Author of "Dead Stars," recognized as the first English short story in the Philippines.

"A Child of Sorrow" by Zoilo M. Galang is recognized as the first Filipino novel in English published in 1921.

A forced march of captured soldiers and deportees over 100 kilometers during the Japanese occupation.

A unified guerilla army that fought against the Japanese invasion during WWII.

During the Japanese colonial period, all forms of writing were censored due to lack of freedom of speech.

Appointed president of the Philippines under the Japanese-sponsored Republic during WWII.

The appointed president during the transition from Spanish to American period in the Philippines.

The method used by American colonizers allowing Filipinos to lead through elections.

Filipino writers developed their own themes and styles recognizable nationally and internationally.

A period marked by the cruelty of Japanese rule and strong Filipino resistance.

The Japanese favored Tagalog, leading to the rise of Tagalog stories and dramas.

Common subjects included life struggles, nationalism, and patriotism during oppressive times.

A significant era in Philippine history divided into Early and Late parts, focusing on religion and politics.

The Dominican's xylographic press facilitated the publication of various religious materials and books.

A period of military control declared by Ferdinand Marcos in the Philippines from 1972 to 1981.

A bloodless revolution in 1986 that led to the ousting of Marcos and the ascension of Corazon Aquino.

The 11th President of the Philippines, known for leading the opposition against Marcos.

The Philippine president who assumed office after Manuel L. Quezon's death in 1944.

President who changed the date of Philippine Independence to June 12, 1896.

An influential opposition leader whose assassination spurred anti-Marcos sentiments.

President who served after Ramon Magsaysay and was re-elected in 1957.

Elected president in 1953, known for populism and charisma; died in 1957.

Characterized by political and economic chaos in the Philippines after martial law.

The Philippines inherited a debt of 27.2 billion dollars that sparked agricultural monopolization.

Known as the "Centennial President," he worked on national recovery starting in 1992.

Won in 1998 with a pro-poor campaign, ousted in 2001 over corruption issues.

Assumed presidency in 1998, re-elected, faced impeachment complaints for corruption.

Served as president from 2010, known for his governance style and popularity.

The current president of the Philippines, known for his legal background and controversial policies.

A novel by Macario Pineda, depicted social, political, and moral aspects post-WWII.