Philippine Literature and Media History
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Questions and Answers

What was the primary form of communication during the Pre-Spanish Period in the Philippines?

  • Television broadcasts
  • Written literature on barks and bamboos (correct)
  • Radio transmissions
  • Imported newspapers

    • During the Spanish Period, which publication was notable for featuring articles by Dr. Jose Rizal?

  • El Ilocano
  • Manila Tribune
  • La Solidaridad (correct)
  • Philippine Free Press

    • What marked the beginning of radio broadcasting in the Philippines?

  • The first television broadcast
  • The establishment of KZKZ in 1924 (correct)
  • The return of US troops in 1946
  • The introduction of film in 1904

    • What was a notable feature of the Japanese Period for media in the Philippines?

    <p>The shut down of all radio stations except KZRH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which radio station was the first to reopen after the war?

    <p>KZFM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of media was prominent during the American Period in the Philippines?

    <p>Newspapers and radio broadcasting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was established first during the American Period?

    <p>First movies related to Jose Rizal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did literature play during the Spanish Period?

    <p>It included various forms such as folk media and written pieces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the first commercial television station launched in the Philippines?

    <p>DZAQ-TV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant event occurred in 1972 regarding media in the Philippines?

    <p>Martial Law was declared, affecting media control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the role of Radio Veritas during the Martial Law period?

    <p>Served as a tool for alternative media.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which university was the first school of journalism established outside Metro Manila?

    <p>Silliman University</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main influence of the assassination of Senator Benigno Aquino in 1983?

    <p>It sparked a rise in press freedom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the media environment during the Martial Law period?

    <p>Guided Media Era</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which year did the EDSA Revolution occur, leading to significant changes in the media landscape?

    <p>1986</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What form of journalism emerged during the EDSA period as a response to the media environment?

    <p>Xerox Journalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the first satellite launched by the Mabuhay Philippines Satellite Corporation?

    <p>Agila II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which digital broadcasting standard did the Philippines adopt in 2010?

    <p>ISDB-T</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of programming is DZRH known for?

    <p>News and Public Affairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which television network is known as one of the largest in the Philippines?

    <p>ABS-CBN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major consequence of martial law on broadcasting in the Philippines?

    <p>Censorship and control of media</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a popular FM radio station in the Philippines?

    <p>LOVE 105.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During martial law, how did the government affect news and information dissemination?

    <p>Heavily censored content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Barangay LS 97.1?

    <p>Interactive Entertainment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant factor contributing to the dynamism of the broadcast industry in the Philippines?

    <p>Liberalization of media ownership rules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which broadcasting standard has become the norm for digital television in the Philippines?

    <p>ISDB-T</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How has the radio industry in the Philippines adapted to modern trends?

    <p>By offering streaming and interactive features</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What challenge does the broadcast industry in the Philippines currently face?

    <p>Increased competition from online platforms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ongoing issue is particularly relevant to media ownership in the Philippines?

    <p>Promotion of diversity and preventing monopolistic practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been a significant technological advancement in the broadcast industry?

    <p>Transition from analog to digital broadcasting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key aspect of modern broadcasting allows stations to engage more with their audiences?

    <p>Expanding presence on streaming platforms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of content do modern television networks in the Philippines typically offer?

    <p>A mix of news, dramas, and reality shows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant event did Church-owned Radio Veritas support during the Marcos regime?

    <p>The mobilization of people power against military power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the major changes in the broadcasting industry during the 1990s in the Philippines?

    <p>Establishment of more radio and TV stations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which institution was the first to establish a website in the Philippines?

    <p>De La Salle University</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did the collaboration between ComNet, DOST, and major universities serve for the Philippines in the late 1990s?

    <p>Connection to the global Internet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one result of the Public Telecommunications Act of the Philippines?

    <p>Removal of value-added service providers' franchise needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the Filipino culture engage with the Internet by the late 1990s?

    <p>Became avid users and highly engaged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following companies was recognized as the first commercial Internet Service Provider (ISP) in the Philippines?

    <p>Mosaic Communications, Inc.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technology connected the government radio stations in Metro Manila to regional stations?

    <p>Satellite communications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Pre-Spanish Period

    • Indigenous forms of communication existed before Spanish colonization, including writing on bark and bamboo and town criers.
    • Oral literature developed forms like maxims, riddles, epic poetry, war songs, and wedding songs.

    Spanish Period

    • Folk media, such as cenaculo, pastores, pasyon, awit, corrido, balagtasan, and balitao, flourished during the Spanish period.
    • La Solidaridad, a newspaper featuring articles by Dr. Jose Rizal, was published in Spain in 1889.
    • El Ilocano, the first genuinely native newspaper, was published in 1889 and lasted until 1896.

    American Period

    • The American period saw the introduction of modern media, including newspapers, film, and radio broadcasting.
    • The first movies in the Philippines were two silent films about Jose Rizal, shown in 1904.
    • Philippine Free Press, founded in 1906, became the most influential English-language weekly in Philippine journalism.
    • The University of the Philippines offered formal journalism degrees in 1919.
    • The first radio station, KZKZ (now DZRH), was established in 1924, marking the beginning of broadcasting in the Philippines.

    Japanese Period

    • Underground press flourished under Japanese rule.
    • All radio stations except KZRH were shut down.
    • KZRH was renamed PIAM and used as a propaganda tool by the Japanese.
    • Manila Tribune, Taliba, and La Vanguardia were allowed to publish under censorship by the Japanese Imperial Army.

    Post War Period (1946-1969)

    • KZFM was the first radio station to reopen after World War II.
    • The US government turned over KZFM to the Philippines, and the broadcast call letter "KZ" was replaced by "DZ" for Manila, "DW" for Luzon, "DY" for the Visayas, and "DX" for Mindanao.
    • Television arrived in the Philippines in the 1950s.
    • Republic Broadcasting System (DZBB-RBS), which is now GMA-7, went on air in 1950 and introduced political satire.
    • The first commercial television station, DZAQ-TV (now ABS-CBN), was launched in Manila in 1953 by Alto Broadcasting System.
    • By 1957, Chronicle Broadcasting Network, owned by the Lopez family, operated two TV stations: DZAQ and DZXL-TV Channel 9.
    • By 1966, there were 18 privately owned TV channels with ABS-CBN as the largest network.
    • Silliman University in Dumaguete City became the first school of journalism outside Metro Manila in 1966.
    • The first provincial television stations were established in Cebu, Bacolod, and Dagupan in 1968.

    Martial Law Period (1972-1985)

    • Martial Law led to government control and censorship of the media, including broadcasting.
    • The period was characterized as the "Era of Guided Media and the Rise of the Alternative Press," featuring a struggle between government-controlled media and the "Mosquito Press."
    • The assassination of Senator Benigno Aquino in 1983 spurred a surge in press freedom and the alternative press.
    • Radio became a powerful tool for change, with stations like Radio Veritas and Radyo Bandido gaining prominence.
    • Campus publications adopted an activist stance on social issues.
    • The Philippine Daily Inquirer, founded in 1985, became the leading newspaper after the EDSA Revolution in 1986.

    EDSA Period (1986)

    • The People Power Revolution led to the reopening of ABS-CBN and the emergence of new broadcasting players.
    • Alternative media gained more credibility than pro-Marcos "establishment media."

    Post EDSA Period (1989)

    • The Advertising Foundation of the Philippines was organized in 1989 to promote social development through advertising.
    • Media personalities entered politics.
    • There was liberalization and deregulation of the telecom sector and the emergence of mass-based information technologies like personal computers and cellular technology.

    1990s: The Cyberage

    • The Internet boom occurred in the Philippines in the 1990s.
    • The Philippines officially entered the Global Internet in 1994 when Computer Network Systems Corporation (ComNet), the Department of Science and Technology (DOST), and major universities connected their wide area network (PhilNet/PhNet) to the United States via a leased line.
    • Mosaic Communications, Inc.(MosCom) became the first commercial Internet service provider in the Philippines.
    • De La Salle University was the first educational institution to establish a website.
    • The Public Telecommunications Act of the Philippines was signed into law in 1995.
    • Globe Telecom launched G-Net Internet service.
    • US company Sequel Concepts, Inc. set up Infocom Technologies, Inc.
    • Ticketworld offered online ticketing.
    • Businessworld Internet Edition, the first Filipino newspaper to go online, was launched.
    • ABS-CBN became the first local TV network to set up a website through ABS-CBN Interactive.
    • Bankard announced plans to offer home shopping and electronic payment transactions online through Bankard Online.
    • Satellite communications connected Metro Manila government stations to all regions of the country.
    • Mabuhay Philippines Satellite Corporation launched the first Philippine satellite, Agila II.
    • San Miguel Beer Online became the first local site to accept online payments.
    • Philmusic.com won the Web Site of the Year award.
    • Yehey hosted the website of the Bb.Pilipinas pageant.

    2000s: Digital Broadcasting

    • Digital broadcasting technology was introduced in the 2000s, leading to a transition from analog to digital broadcasting.
    • In 2010, the Philippines adopted the ISDB-T (Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting – Terrestrial) standard for digital television broadcasting.

    Present (2023)

    • The country continues to have several major television networks including ABS-CBN, GMA Network, and TV5.
    • The radio industry remains strong with numerous AM and FM stations catering to various audiences.
    • Broadcasters are increasing their online presence through streaming platforms and interactive features.
    • The broadcast industry continues to face challenges like competition from online platforms, evolving audience preferences, and the need to adapt to rapidly changing technologies.
    • The broadcast industry in the Philippines is dynamic and evolving, offering a wide range of content and platforms.

    Broadcasting during Martial Law

    • Martial law imposed government control and censorship on the media.
    • The government took over major media outlets and imposed strict regulations on content.
    • News and information were heavily censored, and critical voices were suppressed.
    • The media largely became controlled by the government, while alternative viewpoints were suppressed.

    Broadcast Industry in Modern Times

    • The broadcast industry in the Philippines is dynamic and diverse.
    • There are several major television networks including ABS-CBN, GMA Network, and TV5.
    • The radio industry remains active with many AM and FM radio stations.
    • The industry has embraced digital transformation, extending their presence online and through streaming platforms.
    • Media ownership remains a subject of debate as efforts to promote diversity in the industry continue.
    • The industry faces challenges like digital competition but also opportunities for innovation, content creation, and reaching wider audiences through digital platforms.

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    Description

    Explore the evolution of Philippine literature and media from the pre-Spanish period through the American era. This quiz covers indigenous communication, folk media during Spanish colonization, and the rise of modern journalism and film. Test your knowledge on how these historical phases shaped the culture of the Philippines.

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