Philippine History Quiz

History - Unit One

• "Historia" in ancient Greek means "Learning through Inquiry."
• History is the study of past events, including their causes.
• A chronological record of events, including explanations of causes.
• Aristotle is known for systematic accounts of natural phenomena.
• Zeus Salazar called "Kasaysayan" an essential narrative that uniquely characterizes a group of people.
• History can exist even without documents.

Relevance of History

• History helps us understand what humans are (Collingwood, 1976).
• It contributes to moral understanding, helps us understand societies, provides identity, and is essential for good citizenship (Stearns, 1998).

Repositories of Historical Sources

• Philippine Repositories: National Library of the Philippines (General & Rare collections on PH history); Archives of the University of Santo Tomas; National Archives of the Philippines; Archdiocesan Archives of Manila; Manila Observatory Archives; SIL Philippines; Archives of the Congregation of the Immaculate Heart of Mary (documents of CICM missionaries in Northern Luzon); University of the Philippines Main Library, Ateneo de Manila University's Rizal Library, Historical Collection of the United States; De La Salle University Libraries.
• Spanish Repositories: Archivo General de Indias (Seville), Archivo Historico Nacional (Madrid), Museo Naval de la Ministerio de Marina (Madrid), Real Academia de la Historia (Madrid), Biblioteca Nacional de Espana (Madrid), Archivo de Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores (Madrid).
• Mexican Repository: Due to history, a large number of sources could be located in the Archivo General de la Nacion de Mexico
• British Repository: Due to occupation, some historical sources are in the British Museum.
• American Repositories: National Archives and Records Service (NARS), Library of Congress (Washington D.C.), Ayer Collection of the Newberry Library (Chicago, Illinois), Lily Library (Bloomington, Indiana), Harvard University, Standford University, University of Michigan.

Classification of Historical Sources

• Sources from the past are classified as artifacts, remains, and testimonies.
• Artifacts are items given shape by humans for work or art.
• Ecofacts are natural remains of humans.
• Fossils are remains preserved by natural processes, such as petrification.

Main Types of Written Sources

• Primary source: A firsthand account from an eyewitness.
• Examples include diaries, audio recordings, artifacts, letters, and newspaper articles.
• Secondary source: A second-hand account from someone who wasn't directly present.
• Examples include bibliographies, commentaries, annotations, dictionaries, encyclopedias, journal articles, magazines, monographs, and textbooks.

Unwritten Sources

a. Archaeological - Artifacts and ecofacts found in an area b. Oral - Folk tales, myths, legends, and songs c. Material - Photographs, artwork, videos and Sound recordings

Method of History

• Method of History -Thoroughly examining and critically analyzing past events is important.
• Historiography -Recreating historical events through analysis of tested data.

External Criticism: Authenticity

• A form of criticism that determines if sources are real or hoaxes.
• Examining the genuineness of documents and determining if it is an accurate account or false claim.

Internal Criticism: Credibility

• A higher form of criticism that involves evaluating if the source is credible.
• Assess if sources are consistent with other sources, whether the source is capable of truthfully reporting events, and if they have reason to lie or misrepresent.
• A historian plays multiple roles (prosecutor, attorney, judge, and jury) in evaluating the credibility of a source.

Katipunan and the Revolution

• (1992) Santiago V. Alvarez account of the Katipunan and the Philippine revolution.
• Alvarez gave a personal account.

The Book and Its Content

• (1992) Santiago V. Alvarez's book details personal experiences as a general in the Philippine revolution
• (1956) Emilio Jacinto and the Katipunan account of a Philippine revolution
• (1992) Teodoro A. Agoncillo's book on the revolt of the masses in the Philippines
• Includes the personal experiences and observations.
• Book details events from before the outbreak of the revolution to after Bonifacio's death.
• Covers the activities of the Katipunan, the election at Tejeros, and the culmination of the revolution.

Objectivity and Subjectivity

• Facts of history are derived from testimony and meaning.
• Historical accounts are symbolic, which are debatable.
• Objectivity is the acquisition of truthful knowledge without personal reactions.
• Subjectivity is based on personal considerations, possibly biased.

Misinformation, Disinformation, and Malinformation

• Misinformation - false information disseminated whilst believing it to be true
• Disinformation - false information disseminated whilst knowing it is false
• Malinformation- based on reality, but used to cause harm

The First Voyage Around the World - Antonio Pigafetta

• Lived from 1491 to 1531.
• Italian explorer.
• Became a chronicler for the Magellan expedition.
• One of the few crew members to document the expedition.
• Details the Magellan expedition's launch, events during the voyage, arrival in Cebu and the battle of Mactan.

Arrival in Cebu

• Landed in Samar (March 16, 1521) naming Archipelagos of St. Lazarus, met rulers of Butuan (March 27, 1521), blood compact with Rajah Colambu.
• Installation of a cross on March 31, 1521.
• Sailed to Cebu (April 7, 1521), met Rajah Humabon (blood compact)
• Baptisms and gift of Santo Niño.

Battle of Mactan

• Encounter with Lapu-Lapu (April 27, 1521) and a conflict.
• Defeat and death of Magellan
• 60 Spanish soldiers landed in Mactan
• Initial attempts to make peace failed.
• Lapu-Lapu's forces ultimately defeated the Spanish forces.

After the Betrayal

• Remaining crew ventured to Spain.
• Victoria and Trinidad navigated to varying routes back to Spain.
• September 6, 1522: Victoria returned to Spain with 18 crew members, of whom 4 were indigenous peoples.

Customs of the Tagalogs

• Early customs of the Tagalogs.
• Document by Friar Juan de Plasencia (1589).
• Explains pre-colonial Philippine social classes, justice administration, and other details.
• Focuses on the pre-colonial Philippine social classes, justice administration, practices, inheritances, and slaves.
• Describes Dato (leaders), Maharlicas (noble people), and slaves.

Life in the Philippines

• Accounts of life in the Philippines during Spanish colonization.
• Cultural practices and traditions.

Worship of the Tagalogs

Places and methods of worship in the Philippines. Details of the temples, idols and rituals of the indigenous people of the Philippines.

Idols

• Details of the main idols of the ancient Tagalogs such as Bathala.

Witches (and other figures of power)

• Details of some indigenous spiritual practices, some powerful figures (Catolonon, Mangagauay, Mancocolams, Magtangal, Silage).

Mga Aral

• Various teachings.
• Guidelines and advice.

Reforma sa Edukasyon

• Educational reforms.
• New educational systems.

Sistemang Hasyenda/Hacienda

• Agricultural system during Spanish rule.
• Details of the hacienda system and its impact on the Philippines.

Impluwensiya ng Kastila

• Cultural influence of the Spanish
• The lasting effects of the Spanish influence.
• Details the effects of Spanish influence, traditions and perspectives in the Philippines.

Visual Sources

• Analysis of visual sources, including the purpose, context, subject, and audience.

The Author

• Emilio Jacinto's background, works, ideas and their influence on the Philippines.

Test your knowledge of Philippine history, particularly the voyages of Magellan and key figures like Vargas-Laurel and Andres Bonifacio. This quiz covers significant events, historical terms, and notable personalities within the context of the Philippines' storied past.