12 Questions
Who became the President of the Philippines after Manuel Quezon's death in August 1944?
Sergio Osmena
What was one of the main programs of President Manuel Roxas' administration?
Law of Rehabilitation
What was the consequence of not agreeing to the terms of the Bell Trade Act?
Only receiving $500 in aid
What percentage of the rice share did farmers receive under the Rice Share Tenancy Act?
40%
Who became the President of the Philippines after Manuel Roxas' death in 1948?
Elpidio Quirino
What was one of the conditions imposed by the US under the Bell Trade Act?
Parity Rights
What was the main reason behind the HUK's refusal of amnesty offered by the government during the peace and order period?
The HUK refused amnesty because the government did not provide land to the farmers.
What was the primary objective of the Presidential Action Committee on Social Amelioration established by Ramon Magsaysay?
The primary objective was to provide land, tools, education, and food to farmers, and to address the grievances of the HUK.
What was the significance of the Agricultural Tenancy Act implemented during Ramon Magsaysay's presidency?
The act protected and empowered farmers, ensuring their rights and promoting agricultural development.
What was Carlos P. Garcia's 'First Filipino Policy'?
The policy prioritized the empowerment of Filipinos, giving them more control over works, negotiations, and products.
What was the significance of the Bayanihan Dance Troupe during Carlos P. Garcia's presidency?
The troupe showcased Filipino culture, mixed with different folk dances, and promoted national identity.
How did Ramon Magsaysay's presidency come to an abrupt end?
Magsaysay's presidency ended with his death in a plane crash on Mount Manunggal, Cebu, with only eight months remaining in his term.
Study Notes
Third Republic of the Philippines
- Started on July 4, 1946, after the country gained independence from the United States and Japan.
- Still used the 1935 Constitution.
- The state president and vice president could serve for 4 years with reelection.
Manuel Roxas (1st President of the 3rd Republic)
- Term: 1946-1948
- Vice President: Elipidio Quirino
- Programs:
- Law of Rehabilitation: rebuilding the country after WWII, needed 629 million pesos, but borrowed from the US with conditions (Parity Rights, Free Trade/Bell Trade Act)
- Gave amnesty to Japanese collaborators
- National Development Company: used Filipino raw materials
- PH rice share tenancy act: 60% to landlords, 40% to farmers
Elpidio Quirino (2nd President of the 3rd Republic)
- Term: 1948-1953
- Vice President: Fernando Lopez
- Programs:
- Peace and Order: gave amnesty to the HUK (but failed to provide land, leading to unrest)
- Presidential Action Committee on Social Amelioration: gave land and tools to farmers, sent HUKs to school, and provided food
- Foreign Service: Foreign Affairs and Trades
Ramon Magsaysay (3rd President of the 3rd Republic)
- Term: 1953-1957
- Vice President: Carlos P. Garcia
- Programs:
- Reforming Lands: Agricultural Tenancy Act protected and empowered farmers
- Workers Rights: protected workers
- Kalsada Action: improved roads for better transportation and tourism
- Irrigation Action: provided water for farmers
- Kampeon/Idol of the Masses: close to ordinary Filipinos, did ordinary things
Carlos P. Garcia (4th President of the 3rd Republic)
- Term: 1957-1961
- Vice President: Diosdado Macapagal
- Programs:
- First Filipino Policy: gave more power to Filipinos in work, negotiations, and products
- Pagtitipid: saved money, but allegedly got it from corruption
- Kultura: recognized and supported artists, scientists, and writers
- Friendly Countries: "Asians for the Asians only!" policy, focused on relations with Taiwan, Japan, etc.
Test your knowledge of the Philippines' 3rd Republic, its presidents, and their programs. Learn about the timeline of events, from Manuel Quezon's death to Manuel Roxas' presidency, and the Constitution of 1935.
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