Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act

• The Philippines is highly prone to disasters due to its geography
• Vulnerable populations include those in poverty, the sick, people with disabilities, the elderly, women, and children
• Republic Act No. 10121, or the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010 (DRRM Act), shifts the focus from disaster relief and response to disaster risk reduction
• The DRRM Act was approved May 27, 2010, and repealed Presidential Decree No. 1566
• The DRRM Act prioritizes community-level DRRM, strengthens local community capacities, ensures civil society participation, and addresses root causes of disaster risks
• Under Presidential Decree 1566, disaster management focused on hazards and disaster impacts, assuming disasters cannot be avoided

Key Shifts from PD 1566 to RA 10121

• PD 1566 assumes disasters cannot be avoided, while RA 10121 addresses root causes of vulnerability
• RA 10121 emphasizes strengthening people's capacity to absorb stress and promotes proactive, developmental approaches
• Government responses are shifting from reactive to proactive

DRRM Act Basis and International Standards

• The DRRM Act aligns with the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) which addresses growing disaster impacts on individuals, communities, and national development

Hyogo Framework for Action Priorities

• Make disaster risk reduction a national and local priority with strong institutional bases
• Identify, assess, and monitor disaster risks and enhance early warning systems
• Build understanding and awareness through education
• Reduce underlying risk factors
• Strengthen disaster preparedness for effective response

National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC)

• The NDRRMC oversees the DRRM system and is composed of heads from government, local government, civil organizations and the private sector
• Chaired by Secretary of National Defense
• Regional DRRM Councils (RDRRMC) coordinate and supervise local DRRM activities, ensuring disaster-sensitive regional development plans that are chaired by the RD-OCD

Salient Features of the DRRM Act

• Adheres to international frameworks and humanitarian assistance principles
• Strengthens DRRM institutions
• Integrates community-based approaches
• Empowers LGUs, CSOs, and other stakeholders

Roles in DRRM

• National Government (NDRRMC) ensures policy consistency
• LGUs are the first responders
• Communities are both victims and agents of change

Implementation

• Guided by the National DRRM Framework (NDRRMF) and Plan (NDRRMP) with local DRRM Plans (LDRRMP)
• The NDRRMF guides the NDRRMP
• NDRRMP includes hazard identification, stakeholder roles, and coordination

Prioritization

• DRRM initiatives are sustained through community participation, capacity building, funding, and establishing standards

Knowledge Management and DRRM

• Promotes DRRM by reducing vulnerabilities and enhancing local community capacities
• DRRM Fund can be used to implement the DRRM Plan and ensure 30% goes to a Quick Response Fund (QRF) for relief

DRRM Fund vs Calamity fund

• Unexpended funds go to DRRM activities for the next 5 years

Disaster Preparedness

• The LDRRMO shall conduct public awareness programs

What to do when a disaster strikes

• Declare State of Calamity in order to coordinate remedial measures

Declaration of State of Calamity

• The President can declare based on NDRRMC recommendation
• Local sanggunian may also declare

Remedial Measures

• Actions like price ceilings and profiteering prevention happen during a state of calamity

DRRM Coordination

• LDRRMCs lead disaster preparation, response, and recovery based on specific criteria

Roles of Nurses during disaster

• Community education and training
• Disaster Risk Prevention and Mitigation
• First Responders and Triage

Disaster Management Preparedness

• Philippines ranks third worldwide in disaster risk

Country Profile

• Disaster-prone archipelago of 7,642 islands with a population of 116,409,932 and ranked 17th in Climate Risk Index (CRI)
• Common disasters include typhoons, floods, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and landslides
• Disaster defined as a disruption exceeding the community's ability to cope

Hazards Profile

• Hazard defined as potential to cause harm

Classifications

• Magnitude measured at the source, and intensity measures amount of shaking at a particular location

Earthquake Fault Lines

• Fault Line is a break or fracture in the ground where the earth's tectonic plates move or shift and are areas where earthquakes are likely to occur
• The Philippines is encouraged to prepare for the "Big One"

Earthquake Preparedness

• Familiarize yourself with community evacuation plans and participate in office earthquake drills
• During the event, stay calm, duck, cover, and hold
• After the event, stay prepared for aftershocks and offer aid

Volcanic Eruptions cause temporary food shortages and volcanic landslides called lahar.

• The Philippines has 220 volcanoes (53 active) belonging to the Pacific Ring of Fire
• The Philippines Plate where the oceanic Philippine plate and several smaller microplates are subducting along the Philippine

Types of volcano

• Parts of a volcano involves the Ash cloud, Crater which is the mouth of the volcano and also surrounds the volcanic vent
• Parts of a volcano also involves the ash fragment of lava of a rock and as small as 2mm which it’s side
• Magma is also erupts through volcano and as it cools solidifies

Hazards associated to Volcanic Eruption

• Base Surge, gas leaks, fissures, fissures, and seismic activity

Volcano Alert Levels

• Alert levels exist ranging from 1 to 5 signifying the level of unrest
• An Alert level of 5 means eruption is now in progress

Typhoon Formation

• Typhoons start as tropical thunderstorms where the winds pull in moisture from the oceans and converts water to heat
• Storms are powered by warm ocean waters
• Typhoons are formed over the northwest pacific ocean, hurricanes are over the North Atlantic Ocean while Cyclones are formed over the South Pacific and Indian Ocean.

Typhoon Facts

• 19-20 typhoons typically hit the Philippines each year, out of approximately 80 that develop above tropical waters annually of which 6 to 9 make landfall
• The world will be needing above 18c temperature for typhoons to form

Parts of the Typhoon

• The center , known as the eyewall contains the highest amount of severe weather
• Spiral rainbands are associated with dense bursts of rain and winds and are located outside of the eye wall.

Cyclone preparedness Measures

• Monitored and stayed tuned to all warnings and updates including integrity of your house
• Incase of any emergency take Livestock and pets to safe areas for the disaster
• When the situation arises immediately find the route stay up to date of all alerts
• Before entering a area that may be damgeroud use all precautions and gear

Flash Flood Types

• Flash floods typically are sudden ones from water
• River Floods are more gradual
• Urban and pluvial Flooding are common during poor drainage of soil
• Coastal is caused by storms events.

Flood Safety Measures

• Check the news or listen to the radio for news and weather
• Monitor local warnings and take pre cautions with homes and belongings

In September 2009

• A month of rain in the area around Manila caused mass destruction of the area in the region
• 500 deaths were accounted and equal injured.

Disaster Preparation for Storms

• To have a preparedness for storms move all expensive and needed belonging to other areas
• When a power outage is expected secure the generator
• Contact you local safety office when the even happen
• It has killed over 6000 in the Visayas region

Landslide Disaster.

• Occur when rock Debris slides downward over a slope
• Landslides occur during fluid like environment the most

How to prepare for landslide

• Know when they might exist and take cover when a landslide is occurring
• After all has been done move safely to ground

Natural Warning for Tsunami

• Shaking areas
• Drop and move to higher ground

Earthquakes can generate them

• Tsunamis can be generated from earthquakes eruptions and underwater explosions

Basic Warning of Tsunami

• Boats already at see are at best stay on the shore where deep water sits

What is done during Tsunamis warning in the area

• People or encouraged to report there problem
• Move damaged to another house

Incase Of a fire

• Know you hazard and area and if its there fire
• Incase of a fires be familiar with what and where they may be

Incase the location of fire exits please secure safe equipment

• Remember to do not panic and safe

Fire Basics

• If the electrical systems start working call for electrician and have them fix to prevent future issue

The Basics of the Pass safety system

• Use the acronym to remember

Incase of a fire in a room

• If the fire exist please be cautious and alert so that you can survive

Emergency Preparedness Bag: Go Bag

• Contained are things that are need for a survival package including cash and phone as well as medicines
• Remember that every three month the bag items The Go bag should be accessible and easy to get Coordinate with leaders on communication

Assess

There is no such thing as a normal disaster in natural Hazards

The selection relates to

• To how each one may react
• Where many live
• What schools can do
• And what government can do

Hazards and Risk assessment is used to lower disaster management and vulnerabilities