Philippine Disaster Risk Management

Philippine Disaster Risk Management

• RP is vulnerable to natural hazards due to its geographical location.
• The Philippine Archipelago occupies the active Western Segment of the Pacific Ring of Fire.
• As an archipelago with 7,107 islands, the threat of tsunami affecting the country's coastal areas is not far-fetched.
• Disasters affect everyone, especially the poor, children, women and elderly.
• DISASTER definition: an event (natural, human-induced, or technological; progressive or sudden) with impacts so severe that the affected community is disrupted and requires exceptional measures.
• From 1994 to 2005, 2.5 billion people were affected by natural disasters globally (60% increase).
• More than 478,000 people were killed during this period

Major Disasters in the Philippines

• 2020 to present: Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) - 4,173,631 confirmed cases, 66,646 deaths (as of August 16, 2023).
• 2017 Marawi Crisis: 87 dead, 350,000 displaced, ₱17B damages

Cost of Disasters

• From 1905-2017, 837 disasters. 81,302 people were killed, 219,874 were injured, 204,336,105 people were affected, 6,276,465 were left homeless, and the total affected population was 210,832,444.
• Estimated cost of disasters per year in the Philippine economy is around ₱85 to ₱422 billion.

World Risk Index Report 2020

• The Philippines is ranked 9th with a Risk percentage of 20.69.
• Top countries with the highest risk worldwide: Vanuatu, Antigua and Barbuda, Tonga, Solomon Islands, Guyana, Papua New Guinea, Brunei Darussalam etc.

RP Disaster Risk Profile

• Floods and Earthquakes are the deadliest, accounting for more than half of the casualties.
• Almost 38% of natural disasters in Asia; almost 60% of the world's victims of natural disasters come from Asia, and around 50% of financial loss is also from Asia.
• Yearly, the country experiences an average of twenty (20) tropical cyclones, half of these are destructive.
• A host to 300 volcanoes, twenty-two (22) of which are active, together with active faults and trenches.
• In 2004, the country experienced twenty-five (25) weather disturbances
• Typhoon "Milenyo" (September 28, 2006): affected 9 regions; 184 dead, 536 injured, 47 missing
• Typhoon "Reming" (November 28, 2006): affected 3 regions; 734 dead, 2,360 injured, 762 missing

Additional Disasters

• February 17, 2006: A landslide hit Southern Leyte, Brgy. Guinsaugon. 154 dead, 28 injured, 410 survivors, 968 missing.
• The sinking of MT Solar I (August 11, 2006): 200,000 liters of industrial fuel oil spilled in Guimaras Island. Affected 3 provinces and 38 municipalities with 3,357 families or 16,785 persons affected
• Between 1970 to 2005, ₱61 billion average annual direct damage due to disasters.
• Tropical Storms PEPENG and ONDOY: Approximate damages to infrastructure and agriculture has reach almost 5 billion with almost 300 people killed and thousands displaced
• Everybody is equally responsible to undertake disaster preparedness, mitigation, response and rehabilitation activities to prevent or reduce disaster risks and ensure one's survival and safety during emergency situations.

DM Trends in RP

• Up to '70s: Disaster Response focused on Relief and Rehabilitation
• 80's: Disaster Preparedness & Response. Measures taken prior, during & shortly after disaster event
• 90's - 2000: Disaster Preparedness & Response and Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR)
• 2001 to Present: Disaster Preparedness & Response, Disaster and Development, and Natural Disaster Risk Reduction with an emphasis on actions taken in addressing disaster risks

Office of Civil Defense

• Primary task of coordinating the activities and functions of various government agencies and instrumentalities, private institutions and civic organizations.
• Vision: A Service-Oriented Organization...A Prepared Population... A Safe Nation...
• Mission: administer a comprehensive national civil defense and civil assistance program.

DCC Organizational Network

• National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council, 17 Regional, 79 Provisional, 115 City, 1,501 Municipal, 41,982 Barangay
• Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Councils & Committee

NDRRMC Ongoing Programs and Projects

• Mitigation: Multi-hazard Mapping, Sectoral Mainstreaming of Disaster Risk Reduction, Climate Change Adaptation Flood Mitigation Master Plan
• Preparedness: Capacity-building Program (PEER, Online DRM Courses, and National WASAR Trainings), CBRN Response Capacity Building
• Response: Resource Mobilization Systems, Cluster Approach, UN OSLO Guidelines, APC-MADRO

Rehabilitation

• Build Back Better... Build Back Elsewhere
• Bicol CARE Commission
• Public Commission and Philippine Disaster Recovery Foundation

Mitigation

• Measures taken in advance of a disaster aimed at reducing its impact on society and environment

Hazard/Risk IDentification & Assessment

• Develop, update and disseminate hazard maps and related Information to decision-makers, general public and communities at risk

Enforcement

• Zoning, land-use and Building & Fire Codes. Preemptive evacuation

Early Warning Systems

• People-centered, timely and understandable to those at risk

Preparedness

• Measures taken to prepare people to react appropriately during and following such events
• DM Plans, contingency plans, SOPs, ICS, mutual aid arrangements

Resources

• 5 M's = manpower, materials, methods, machine & money

Early Warning

• Timely and rapid dissemination of warnings to threatened communities/populations

Notification

• Mobilization of response teams, activation of SOPs, DOCS & ICS

The "Golden Hour" Principle

• the time within which lives could be saved and injuries minimized

Incident Command System

• On-scene management of disaster operations activities

For the short term

• Develop, update and disseminate hazard maps and related Information to decision-makers, general public and communities at risk.
• Restore lifeline systems: Power, communication, water & sewage, transportation, etc.
• Providing for basic human needs
• Monitoring law and order providing CISD, etc.

The Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM) Act of 2010

• Strengthening the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management System, Providing for the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Framework and Institutionalizing the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan, Appropriating Funds therefor and for Other Purposes"
• Approved in the bicameral conference on 27 January 2010 and ratified by both Houses of Congress on 01 February 2010; for submission to the Office of the President
• Signed into Law on May 27, 2010

DRRM ACT of 2010 HIGHLIGHTS

• Proactive, comprehensive, integrated, community-based, multi-sector approach in DRM
• Respect to people's rights to life and property; adherence / adoption of universal norms, principles and standards of humanitarian assistance
• Development, promotion and implementation of the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan (NDRRMP)
• Mainstreaming of DRR and Climate Change Adaptation in development, peace and conflict resolution processes
• Keen support to knowledge management and education

Nrrmc Composition

• Chairperson: S, DND
• V-Chairpersons: S, DILG (Preparedness), S, DSWD (Response) S, DOST (Prevention and Mitigation), DG, NEDA (Rehabilitation & Recovery)

LDRRMO

• Responsibility is setting the direction, development, implementation and coordination of disaster risk management programs within their territorial jurisdiction.

Funding

• National DRM and Recovery Fund can be used for DRR or mitigation, prevention and preparedness activities
• Quick Response Fund (QRF) 30% of the NDRMRF as standby fund for relief and recovery programs
• Local DRRM Fund - not less than 5% of the estimated revenue from the regular sources can now be used to support DRM activities, 30% of which shall be allocated as QRF.

Prohibited Acts

• Preventing the entry/distribution of relief goods and disaster teams/experts in disaster-stricken areas
• Buying, for consumption or resale, from disaster relief agencies any relief goods, equipment or other aid commodities intended for distribution to disaster affected communities
• Forcibly seizing of relief goods
• Penal Clause: Violators will be fined not less than PhP50,000.00 or any amount not to exceed PhP500,000.00 or imprisonment of not less than 6 years and 1 day or not more than 12 years or BOTH