Philippine Dairy Industry Overview
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Questions and Answers

What percentage of the Philippine dairy industry's gross supply comes from the importing and processing sector?

  • 25%
  • 50%
  • 75%
  • 99% (correct)

    • Which group in the Philippine dairy sector consists of producers with the highest number of milk animals?

  • Informal producers
  • Producer-processors (correct)
  • Smallholder producers (20 to 75 head)
  • Smallholder producers (1 to 10 head)

    • What was the total dairy animal inventory reported in January-June 2022?

  • 67,273 head (correct)
  • 60,000 head
  • 75,000 head
  • 70,500 head

    • As of the 2nd quarter of 2022, what was the average farmgate price of milk per liter?

    <p>P58.27</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary reason for the increase in local milk production in 2022?

    <p>Availability of more dairy animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of milk accounted for approximately 54% of the total milk produced in 2022?

    <p>Cow's milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors are projected to contribute to the increase in dairy production in 2023?

    <p>Economic-stimulus responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average milk production per day for cattle in the Philippines?

    <p>12 liters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the total agricultural production value did the dairy sector contribute in 2022 (Q2)?

    <p>0.09%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors contributed to the growth in dairy consumption in the Philippines?

    <p>Expanding middle class</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In 2022, what proportion of the fresh liquid milk consumed in the Philippines was locally produced?

    <p>1 in 5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country was the largest supplier of dairy products to the Philippines by volume in 2022?

    <p>United States</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the value of dairy products imported by the Philippines in the 2nd Quarter of 2022?

    <p>P43.17 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much did the export of milk and dairy products increase in percentage in Q2 2022 compared to Q2 2021?

    <p>84.99%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which breed is NOT mentioned as a conventional dairy breed developed from the taurine species?

    <p>Sahiwal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was a top export market for Philippine dairy products in 2022?

    <p>Malaysia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dairy cattle breed is known for the highest milk production per lactation?

    <p>Holstein Friesian</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant advantage of Zebu breeds compared to European breeds?

    <p>Heat tolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following breeds is characterized by having a high butterfat content in its milk?

    <p>Jersey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To maximize production and profit in dairy cattle, what is the ideal calving interval?

    <p>12 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which breed combination is an example of a crossbreed?

    <p>Holstein x Sahiwal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes European or Temperate dairy cattle breeds?

    <p>High milk production but low tolerance to tropical diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tropical dairy cattle breed has the highest milk production per lactation?

    <p>Tharparkar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor in selecting dairy cattle according to the given content?

    <p>Breed adaptability to the local environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between sterility and infertility?

    <p>Infertility is described by lower semen quality, while sterility is not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are spermatozoa produced in bulls?

    <p>In the seminiferous tubules of the testis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the hormone progesterone primarily do during pregnancy?

    <p>Prepares the uterus to receive the fertilized ova.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the process of natural mating known as 'hand mating'?

    <p>An in-heat cow is brought to the bull or vice versa, controlling the service.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which time frame does fertilization occur after ovulation in cows?

    <p>Immediately after the ova is released.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one major advantage of artificial insemination (AI) in animal breeding?

    <p>It allows for the genetic improvement of offspring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which average value is correct for sperm concentration in bull semen?

    <p>1 to 3 billion sperm per ml.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of luteinizing hormone (LH) in the female reproductive cycle?

    <p>Promotes the rupture of the follicle and formation of the corpus luteum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of diluting semen before freezing it?

    <p>To enhance the volume for storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is typically used to confirm pregnancy in later stages?

    <p>Ultrasound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age should female animals be separated from male animals to prevent premature breeding?

    <p>6 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of placing heifers in maternity pens one week before calving?

    <p>It provides a safe environment for labor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of administering vaccinations and deworming treatments in heifer management?

    <p>Ensure overall herd health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to breed heifers based on size and weight rather than age?

    <p>To ensure they are mature enough for successful breeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of freeze branding as a husbandry practice?

    <p>Creates permanent color for identification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of using pregnancy diagnosis tools in reproductive management?

    <p>To improve reproductive efficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Industry Overview

    • The Philippine dairy industry has two major sectors: importing and processing, and milk producing.
    • The importing and processing sector is responsible for 99% of the country's milk supply.
    • The milk producing sector is primarily comprised of smallholder producers with 1-100 milk animals.

    Production

    • Domestic milk production increased by 22.26% during the 2nd quarter of 2022 compared to the same period in 2021, reaching 15.60 million liters.
    • Production is expected to continue rising in 2023 due to economic recovery and stimulus measures.
    • Total dairy animal inventory in the first half of 2022 reached 67,273 head, including cattle, carabao, and goats.
    • Cow's milk accounts for 54% of total milk production, followed by carabao milk (39%) and goat milk (7%).

    Consumption

    • Annual per capita milk consumption in the Philippines increased from 17 kg in 2011 to 27 kg in 2022.
    • Filipino families spend over P4,000 per year on dairy products.

    Imports

    • The Philippines heavily relies on dairy imports, primarily milk powder, to meet its demand.
    • The United States is the largest supplier of dairy products to the Philippines.

    Exports

    • Dairy exports saw a significant increase of 84.99% in 2022 compared to 2021.
    • Top export items include milk and cream, butter, and cheese.

    Common Breeds of Dairy Cattle

    • Taurine species are the foundation for conventional dairy breeds.
    • Sahiwal and Red Sindhi are notable Bos Indicus breeds known for milk production.

    Factors in Choosing Breed

    • Cattle should be well-suited to the local environment.
    • High salvage value, or the animal's value if not used for milk production, should be considered.

    Dairy Cattle Breed Groups

    • European or Temperate breeds (Bos Taurus): High milk producers but vulnerable to tropical diseases.
    • Zebu (Bos indicus): Heat tolerant and disease resistant, but less productive in terms of milk yield and weight gain.

    Examples of Dairy Cattle Breeds

    • Holstein Friesian: Originating in the Netherlands, known for high milk production.
    • Brown Swiss: Originally from Switzerland, another breed noted for good milk yield.
    • Ayrshire: From Scotland, known for its distinctive red, red brown, and white coloring.
    • Guernsey: From the English Channel, recognized for its fawn and white coloring.
    • Jersey: Also from the English Channel, known for its high butterfat milk content.
    • Milking Shorthorn: From Northeastern England, known for its red and white coloring.

    Tropical Dairy Cattle Breeds

    • Tharparkar: Originating in West Pakistan, known for its white coloring.
    • Sahiwal: From Pakistan, known for its reddish-brown coloring.
    • Red Sindhi: From West Pakistan, recognized for its reddish coloring.

    Crossbreeds

    • Offspring resulting from mating two purebred animals, like Holstein x Sahiwal or Holstein x Jersey.

    Reproduction Management

    • High reproductive efficiency is crucial for profitable milk production.
    • Heifers are selected to replace culled cows, aiming for a 12-month calving interval for maximized production.

    Reproduction Problems

    • Sterility: Complete absence of reproductive ability.
    • Infertility: Reduced fertility, characterized by lower quality semen or a longer calving interval.

    Physiology of Reproduction

    Bull’s Reproductive Physiology

    • Sperm are produced in the seminiferous tubules and stored in the epididymis.
    • Ejaculation includes fluids from accessory sex glands.
    • Key characteristics include semen volume, sperm concentration, motility, and morphology.

    Cow’s Reproductive Physiology

    • Ovulation involves the release of an ova from the follicle.
    • Fertilization occurs in the oviduct, and the embryo implants in the uterus.
    • Hormonal control is crucial for follicle development, estrus, ovulation, and pregnancy maintenance.

    Breeding Systems

    • Natural Mating: Hand mating or pasture mating.
    • Artificial Insemination (AI): Placing bull's semen into the female genitalia using instruments.
    • Advantages of AI: Promotes genetic improvement.
    • Steps Involved in AI: Semen collection, evaluation, dilution, freezing, and storage.

    Pregnancy Diagnosis

    • Important for reproductive efficiency.
    • Allows for identification of pregnant cows, estimation of calving dates, and preparation for parturition.
    • Methods include rectal palpation, ultrasound, and pregnancy test kits.

    Heifer Herd Management

    • Heifers (Female cattle under two years old): Critical for herd replacement.
    • Heifer Management: Grouping by size, separation of genders at 6 months, breeding based on size/weight rather than age, early training for milking, preparation for calving.

    Calf Management

    • Calving: Safe calving is essential for successful calf and lactation management.

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    Description

    Explore the dynamics of the Philippine dairy industry, focusing on its two main sectors: importing and processing, and milk production. This quiz delves into production statistics, consumption trends, and the influence of economic factors on domestic dairy output. Test your knowledge about this vital sector in the Philippines.

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