Philippine Cultural and Natural Heritage

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Questions and Answers

What method was primarily used for passing down education prior to formal schooling?

Oral tradition (correct)

Written texts

Television programs

Online courses

Which group initially had exclusive access to the formal education system during Spanish colonization?

All children of the community

Children of Spanish officers (correct)

Wealthy merchants

Indigenous tribes

What was the name of the school that became the first college for boys during the Spanish colonization?

Colegio de San Ignacio (correct)

Escuela Pia

University of Santo Tomas

Colegio de Santa Potenciana

Which institution was specifically noted as the first school and college for girls?

Colegio de Santa Potenciana Signup and view all the answers

What significant educational reform did the American period introduce?

Public school system Signup and view all the answers

Which group of American educators was instrumental in teaching English in the Philippines?

Thomasites Signup and view all the answers

Which college was established first during the American period?

Philippine Normal School Signup and view all the answers

What role did religious orders play in the educational system during Spanish colonization?

They administered the formal schools. Signup and view all the answers

What is included in cultural heritage?

Customs, practices, places, and values Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is categorized as natural heritage?

Flora and Fauna Signup and view all the answers

What distinct feature does Tubbataha Reefs hold in the Philippines?

It was the first national marine park declared in the country. Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about Mount Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary?

It showcases endangered species and varying habitats. Signup and view all the answers

Which volcano is recognized as the most active in the Philippines?

Mayon Volcano Signup and view all the answers

What significant feature does Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park possess?

An underground river set in a limestone landscape Signup and view all the answers

Which church is recognized as the oldest stone church in the Philippines?

San Agustin Church Signup and view all the answers

What kind of heritage does man-made built heritage comprise?

Cultural landscapes, historic urban sites, and monuments Signup and view all the answers

Which religious group was founded by Felix Ysagun Manalo in 1914?

Iglesia ni Cristo Signup and view all the answers

What title was given to Gregorio Aglipay for his role in the Iglesia Filipina Independiente?

First leader of the Iglesia Filipina Independiente Signup and view all the answers

Which religious group primarily targeted mass education during the American period in the Philippines?

Protestants Signup and view all the answers

What was the role of the babaylan in pre-colonial Visayan societies?

To act as spirit mediums Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the reducciones established by Spanish colonizers?

To round up natives for conversion to Christianity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following religions was present in the Philippines before the arrival of the Spanish in the sixteenth century?

Islam Signup and view all the answers

Which group of religious orders was assigned by the Spanish Crown for the Christianization process?

Dominicans, Jesuits, Franciscans, Recollects, Augustinians Signup and view all the answers

Which belief system considered Bathala as the creator of the earth and man?

Pre-colonial Tagalog beliefs Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Luna Defense Line established by military leaders?

To provide a strategic three-tier defense Signup and view all the answers

What event is often referred to as the 'Philippine Thermopylae'?

The Battle of Tirad Pass Signup and view all the answers

Who commanded the Filipino rear guard during the Battle of Tirad Pass?

Brigadier General Gregorio del Pilar Signup and view all the answers

How many American troops were involved in the Battle of Tirad Pass?

Over 500 Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome for the Filipino forces at the Battle of Tirad Pass?

They successfully delayed the American advance Signup and view all the answers

What title was given to Gregorio del Pilar due to his age?

The Boy General Signup and view all the answers

What tactic did General Funston use to capture Emilio Aguinaldo?

Disguising scouts as reinforcements Signup and view all the answers

When was General Emilio Aguinaldo captured?

March 23, 1901 Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the 1996 Final Peace Agreement?

To complete the implementation of the 1976 Tripoli Agreement Signup and view all the answers

Which agreement announced the establishment of the Bangsamoro?

2012 Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro Signup and view all the answers

Who is the founder and leader of the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF)?

Nur Misuari Signup and view all the answers

What significant event took place during the year 2019 in relation to the Bangsamoro?

The passage of the Bangsamoro Organic Law Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following agreements was aimed at establishing a truce with the MILF?

1997 Interim Truce Signup and view all the answers

Which educational institution is known as the first college for girls in the Philippines?

Colegio de Santa Potenciana Signup and view all the answers

What role does Al Haj Murad Ebrahim currently hold?

Chief Minister of the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region Signup and view all the answers

Which agreement was a response to the deadlock in the peace process during the Aquino Administration?

2014 Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cultural Heritage

Cultural heritage is passed down through generations and includes customs, places, objects, and values.

Natural Heritage

Includes natural landscapes, different landforms, coastal and inland water sources, and flora and fauna.

Man-made Built Heritage

Includes cultural landscapes, archaeological sites, historic urban sites, heritage groups, and buildings or structures.

•Tubbataha Reefs -Declared the first national marine park in the country in 1988.

•Mount Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary

Showcases various habitats at different elevations and includes rare and endangered species like the Philippine eagle and cockatoo.

•Mayon Volcano

Philippines Beautifully symmetrical Mayon volcano, which rises to 2462 m above the Albay Gulf, is the Philippines' most active volcano.

• Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park

Features a spectacular limestone landscape with an underground river.

• San Agustin Church

The oldest stone church in the Philippines, showcasing 16th-century Spanish architecture.

• Nuestra Señora de la Asuncion Church

It is the only church in the Philippines exuding the ambience of a Mediterranean hill town with its convent built parallel to the church façade and its bell tower detached from the main church.

•Church of San Agustin

is one of the most outstanding variants of “earthquake baroque” in the Philippines, where the primary consideration was to design the structure for earthquake protection.

•Miag-ao Church -It served as a fortress against raids of marauding Moro pirates. The church is amazingly beautiful because of its two asymmetric pyramidal towers and its finely sculptured, yellow sandstone façade.

•Historic Town of Vigan -Its architecture reflects the fusion of cultural elements from the Philippines, China and Europe, resulting in a culture and townscape that has no parallel anywhere in East and Southeast Asia.

• Rice Terraces

Known as the “eight wonder of the world,” were carved with only simple tools and bare hands. They are fed by an ancient irrigation system, an ingenious complex of bamboo pipes and canals, drawing water from streams created by bubbling springs located in the mountain rainforests. Considered as a monument to man’s genius in turning a rugged and forbidding terrain into a source of sustenance, the rice terraces stand to be the most awe-inspiring man-made landscape in the Cordilleras. They are also invariably called “The Stairway to the Sky.”

•Magellan’s Cross

It is believed to be a Christian cross planted by the Portuguese and Spanish explorers headed by Ferdinand Magellan. It was planted upon their arrival in Cebu on March 15, 1521. That day also marked the birth of Christianity in the land.

• Rizal Park

Still widely known as 'Luneta' (its name until the 1950s), Manila’s iconic central park is spread out over some 60 hectares of open lawns, ornamental gardens, ponds, paved walks and wooded areas, dotted with monuments to a whole pantheon of Filipino heroes.

•Hudhud Chants -of the Ifugao consists of narrative chants traditionally performed by the Ifugao community, which is well known for its rice terraces extending over the highlands of the northern island of the Philippine archipelago. It is practised during the rice sowing season, at harvest time and at funeral wakes and rituals.

•Darangen epic of the Maranao

is an ancient epic song that encompasses a wealth of knowledge of the Maranao people who live in the Lake Lanao region of Mindanao. It has been largely transmitted orally, parts of the epic have been recorded in manuscripts using an ancient writing system based on the Arabic script.

Pre-Colonial Education

Children received education from their parents focusing on household and hunting skills.
Stories, songs, dances, and medicinal practices were passed down orally.
Baybayin was a writing system used for various purposes

Spanish Colonization

The formal education system was introduced, initially exclusive to Spanish officers and later to mestizos.
Religious orders like the Franciscans, Dominicans, Augustinians, and Jesuits ran the schools.
Boys attended “colegios”, while girls went to “beaterios” for their education.

Oldest Institutions

Colegio de San Ignacio: The first college school for boys.
Colegio de San Ildefonso: Established in Cebu in 1595.
Escuala Pia: Renamed Ateneo Municipal, and later Ateneo de Manila University (1589).
University of Santo Tomas: Established in 1611.
Colegio de Santa Potenciana: The first school and college for girls, established in 1589.

American Period

The American public school system was introduced, including English language education by Thomasites, a group of 600 American teachers that arrived in 1901.

Colleges Built During the American Period

•Philippine Normal School (1901) • St. Paul University (1904) • Zamboanga Normal School (1904) • University of Manila (1914) • Philippine Women's University (1919) •Far Eastern University (1933) • Far Eastern University (1933)

Religious Groups in the Philippines

Roman Catholicism: The dominant religion.
Protestant Christianity: Different denominations, including Baptists.
Islam: Established mainly in Mindanao and Sulu.
Iglesia ni Cristo: Founded in 1914.
Buddhism: Also practiced.
Indigenous beliefs: Exist in various communities.

Pre- Colonial Beliefs

Bathala: The supreme deity in Tagalog societies, believed to be the creator.
Babaylan: Spirit mediums in Visayan societies, often women though men could participate in rituals by dressing as women.

Christianity and Islam

Islam began spreading to the Philippines from Indonesia around the 1350s.
Before 1565, Islam was firmly established in Mindanao and Sulu, and had communities in Cebu and Manila.
Spanish arrival in the sixteenth century marked the beginning of the Christianization process.
Muslims in Mindanao and Sulu were not dominated by the Spaniards, leading to trade treaties.
The Spanish Crown assigned five religious orders to Christianize the natives: Augustinians, Franciscans, Jesuits, Dominicans, and the Recollects.
Reducciones: Settlements for natives near churches to facilitate conversion.

American Period: Religious Development

The Americans aimed to strengthen mass education, with many American teachers being Protestant.
Gregorio Aglipay founded the Iglesia Filipina Independiente (Aglipayan) in the early 20th century.
Felix Ysagun Manalo founded the Iglesia ni Cristo (INC) in 1914.
Other new religions emerged, like the Seventh-Day Adventist, Jehovah's Witnesses, and the Rizalist, who consider Noli Me Tangere as the Old Testament and El Filibusterismo as the New Testament.

Gregorio del Pilar

Known as the "Boy General" due to his young age.
Fought in the Philippine Revolution and the Philippine-American War with distinction.
Famous for his victory at the first phase of the Battle of Quingua, and his last stand at the Battle of Tirad Pass.

The Battle of Tirad Pass

A battle fought during the Philippine-American War on December 2, 1899.
A Filipino rear guard of 60 men led by Brigadier General Gregorio del Pilar fought against over 500 Americans, ultimately sacrificing themselves to allow President Emilio Aguinaldo and his forces to escape.

The Palanan Incident

Captured by Funston's forces on March 23, 1901.
Funston used the help of Macabebe Scout and American “Prisoners”.

Peace Treaties with Muslim Filipinos

1976 Tripoli Agreement: Agreement between the GRP and the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF).
1996 Final Peace Agreement (Jakarta Accord): To complete the implementation of the 1976 Tripoli Agreement.
1997 Interim Truce: A truce with the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF).
2012 Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro: Announced the establishment of the Bangsamoro to replace the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM).
2014 Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro: Signed to end the peace process deadlock.
2019 Bangsamoro Organic Law: Passed, initiating the Bangsamoro transition period from 2019-2025.

Key Leaders in Peace Agreements

Nur Misuari: Founder and leader of the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF).
Al Haj Murad Ebrahim: Former leader of the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF), currently serving as the first Chief Minister of the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao.

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Description

Explore the rich cultural and natural heritage of the Philippines through this engaging quiz. Covering various aspects such as customs, landscapes, and notable examples like Tubbataha Reefs and Mayon Volcano, this quiz tests your knowledge on what makes Philippine heritage unique. Discover the significance of both man-made and natural sites throughout the country.