10 Questions
What is the consequence of seeking to achieve goals through violence or unlawful means?
Refused registration
What constitutes interference in national affairs related to elections?
Financial contributions from foreign governments
Under what circumstances can the registration of a political entity be cancelled?
Accepting donations from foreign governments
What action can the Commission take upon receiving a verified complaint regarding election violations?
File petitions in court for inclusion or exclusion of voters
What is one of the Commission's responsibilities in relation to election spending?
Recommend measures to minimize election spending
What does the Commission recommend to the President in case of officer or employee misconduct?
Removal or disciplinary action
What additional penalties can be incurred by entities accepting financial contributions from foreign governments?
Cancellation of registration and other penalties
What does the Commission do with cases of election frauds, offenses, and malpractices?
Investigate and prosecute them where appropriate
What kind of actions can lead to the recommendation of removal by the Commission?
Violating or disregarding directives, orders, or decisions of the Commission
What is one measure recommended by the Commission to minimize election frauds?
Limiting places where propaganda materials shall be posted
Study Notes
Election of the President and Vice-President
- The President and Vice-President are elected by direct vote of the people for a term of six years.
- The term begins at noon on the thirtieth day of June following the election and ends at noon on the same date six years later.
- The President is not eligible for re-election.
Term of Office and Eligibility
- A person who has served as President for more than four years is not qualified for re-election.
- No Vice-President can serve for more than two successive terms.
Election Process
- Regular elections for President and Vice-President are held on the second Monday of May.
- Election returns are transmitted to Congress, directed to the President of the Senate.
Canvassing of Votes
- The President of the Senate opens all certificates in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives in joint public session.
- Congress canvasses the votes and determines the authenticity and due execution of the certificates.
Vacancy in the Office of the President and Vice-President
- In case of death, permanent disability, removal from office, or resignation of both the President and Vice-President, the President of the Senate or the Speaker of the House of Representatives acts as President.
- Congress, by law, provides who shall serve as President in case of death, permanent disability, or resignation of the Acting President.
Vacancy in the Office of the Vice-President
- The President nominates a Vice-President from among the Members of the Senate and the House of Representatives, who assumes office upon confirmation by a majority vote of both Houses of Congress.
Special Election
- In case of a vacancy in the offices of the President and Vice-President, Congress convenes and enacts a law calling for a special election to elect a new President and Vice-President.
Powers of the President
- The President is the Commander-in-Chief of all armed forces of the Philippines.
- The President may call out the armed forces to prevent or suppress lawless violence, invasion, or rebellion.
- In case of invasion or rebellion, the President may suspend the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus or place the Philippines or any part thereof under martial law.
Martial Law
- Within 48 hours from the proclamation of martial law or suspension of the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus, the President submits a report to Congress.
- Congress, voting jointly, may revoke the proclamation or suspension by a majority vote of all its Members.
- Congress may extend the proclamation or suspension for a period determined by Congress if the invasion or rebellion persists.
Judiciary
- The Supreme Court has administrative supervision over all courts and the personnel thereof.
- No person can be appointed Member of the Supreme Court unless he is a natural-born citizen of the Philippines and meets certain qualifications.
- A Member of the Judiciary must be a person of proven competence, integrity, probity, and independence.
- The Judicial and Bar Council is created under the supervision of the Supreme Court to oversee the judiciary.
Test your knowledge of the provisions regarding the election and terms of the President and Vice-President in the Philippine Constitution. Includes questions on term length, eligibility for reelection, and succession rules.
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