History of Civil Engineering in the Philippines
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Questions and Answers

What role did Friar Architects/Engineers play during the Spanish time in the Philippines?

  • They constructed government buildings and bridges. (correct)
  • They managed agricultural production.
  • They created local government policies.
  • They were primarily responsible for education.

    • Which institution was established in 1890 to train Maestro de Obras?

  • Filipino Engineering Institute
  • Escuela Practica y Professional de Artes y Oficios de Manila (correct)
  • Escuela de Ingenieros
  • Bureau of Public Works

    • What was the significance of the Organic Decree issued by Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo?

  • It created the Department of War and Public Works. (correct)
  • It established the Bureau of Public Works.
  • It dissolved the previous colonial government.
  • It founded the first engineering school in the Philippines.

    • Which department managed public works when Spain ceded the Philippines to the United States in 1898?

    <p>U.S. Army engineers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary purpose of the public works under the Philippine Revolutionary Government?

    <p>To construct fortifications and trenches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the first President of the Cabinet in the First Philippine Republic?

    <p>Apolinario Mabini</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of structures were Filipino engineers responsible for during the 18th and 19th centuries?

    <p>Infrastructure systems and public buildings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common role did Maestro de Obras have in the construction of residential structures?

    <p>They were elite builders hired for luxury properties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Bureau of Public Highways expanded into?

    <p>Department of Public Highways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year did the first International convention on Civil Engineering in the Philippines take place?

    <p>1975</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization was recognized by the Professional Regulation Commission in 1975?

    <p>Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What system of units was mandated in the Philippines by President Ferdinand Marcos?

    <p>System Internationale (SI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the National Building Code of the Philippines signed into law?

    <p>PD 1096</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant change occurred to national agencies in 1976?

    <p>They were renamed from Departments to Ministries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under Executive Order No. 546, what happened to the Ministry of Public Works, Transportation and Communications?

    <p>It was restructured into two Ministries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was established by Presidential Decree No. 1350 in 1978 regarding applicants for citizenship?

    <p>They could take the board exam pending approval</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant law was enacted on June 19, 1965, in the history of civil engineering in the Philippines?

    <p>The Contractor’s License Law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization was founded in 1961 to support structural engineers in the Philippines?

    <p>Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was created by Presidential Decree 223 in June 1973?

    <p>Professional Regulation Commission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two organizations merged to form the Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers, Inc. in 1973?

    <p>PSCE and PACE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary purpose of the Bureau of Public Highways (BPH) created in 1954?

    <p>Oversee public works and highways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a notable achievement in port development during the early 1970s in the Philippines?

    <p>Establishment of new national and municipal ports</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did the first election of officers for the Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers take place?

    <p>February 1974</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant consequence of the Martial Law years for civil engineering in the Philippines?

    <p>Enhanced regulation of construction practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant change occurred in the Philippines' public works sector on February 6, 1901?

    <p>Public works were placed under provincial supervision.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the role of the municipal board members as stipulated in the 1901 municipal code?

    <p>To maintain municipal properties and undertake necessary construction projects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the joint resolution signed by the United Architects of the Philippines and the Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers in 2003?

    <p>To support the passage of respective bills delineating their scope of practice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year was the Academia de Arquitectura y Agrimensura de Filipinas established?

    <p>1902</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the 2005 petition filed by PICE and Engr. Leo Cleto Gamolo challenge?

    <p>The requirement of architects to prepare building documents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What led to the creation of the Bureau of Public Works in 1905?

    <p>Economic growth necessitating a better road network.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What change occurred regarding the CE Board Exam after November 2006?

    <p>Only the Top 10 Board Exam Performers were released</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant change took place in the Escuela de Ingeniera y Arquitectura in 1908?

    <p>It expanded the curriculum to include civil and electrical engineering.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Act No. 1401, passed in 1905, specifically accomplish?

    <p>Abolished engineering districts and district engineers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which executive order, issued in 2006, involved the regulation of review centers?

    <p>Executive Order No. 566</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the original name of the association before it became Academia de Ingenieria, Arquitectura y Agrimensura de Filipinas?

    <p>Academia de Arquitectura y Agrimensura de Filipinas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the Manila Regional Trial Court hearings on January 29, 2008?

    <p>The court upheld the architects' claims concerning architectural document preparations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which law purportedly gave civil engineers the right to prepare architectural documents, as claimed by PICE?

    <p>Republic Act No. 544</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What year did the Bureau of Engineering and Construction of public works and the Bureau of Architecture and Construction of public buildings get established?

    <p>1902</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main conflict highlighted by the PICE regarding the National Building Code?

    <p>Civil engineers were restricted from submitting architectural documents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a key benefit of the joint resolution supported by UAP and PICE for their members?

    <p>Enhanced collaboration towards common goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Spanish Era to the First Philippine Republic

    • Intramuros was built as a model community by Spanish friar architects/engineers, establishing European architectural standards.
    • Filipino engineers maintained, repaired, and remodeled infrastructures including churches and government buildings during the 18th and 19th centuries.
    • The Bureau of Public Works and Highways and the Bureau of Communications and Transportation were organized in 1868, overseen by a civil engineer titled "Director General."
    • 1890 marked the establishment of the Escuela Practica y Professional de Artes y Oficios de Manila, the first school for Maestro de Obras.

    Formation of Government and Public Works

    • Emilio Aguinaldo’s Organic Decree created the Department of War and Public Works to manage construction due to revolutionary needs.
    • Post 1898, after the U.S. acquired the Philippines, public works were managed by the U.S. Army engineers.
    • The Malolos Constitution of 1899 established a Council of Government with a dedicated Communications and Public Works Department.

    Development of Civil Engineering Organizations

    • The Bureau of Public Highways was expanded into the Department of Public Highways in 1974 for efficient highway management.
    • The first international civil engineering convention took place in 1975, focusing on disaster prevention and control.
    • The Professional Regulation Commission recognized the Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers (PICE) as the official civil engineering organization in 1975.

    Infrastructure and Regulatory Changes

    • Presidential Decrees established a National Building Code (PD 1096) in 1977 and allowed citizenship applicants to take board exams pending approval.
    • In 1979, MPWTC was restructured into two ministries, focusing on public works and transportation.
    • 1900 saw the creation of Liceo de Manila, the first private institution for Maestro de Obras.

    Professional Associations and Education

    • The Academia de Arquitectura y Agrimensura de Filipinas was founded in 1902, evolving into the AIAAF, incorporating civil engineers and surveyors.
    • In 1905, Act No. 1401 eliminated district engineer positions, leading to the creation of provincial boards for road and bridge financing.

    Advances in Civil Engineering Advocacy

    • The Bureau of Public Highways was established in 1954 under the DPWTC to oversee highway systems.
    • By 1961, the Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines (ASEP) was formed to promote engineering standards.
    • The Contractor’s License Law was enacted in 1965, regulating construction activities.

    Changes During Martial Law

    • The 1970s brought significant infrastructure improvements alongside the introduction of Presidential Decree 223, creating the Professional Regulation Commission in 1973.
    • In 1974, PICE held its first election to unify the civil engineering profession through regional chapters.

    Recent Developments and Controversies

    • In 2003, UAP and PICE advocated for legislative support defining architectural and engineering scopes of practice.
    • The 2005 Architecture Act prompted PICE to challenge specific provisions restricting civil engineers' rights to work on architectural documents.
    • Changes to the CE Board Exam in 2006 involved only the release of the top 10 performers, streamlining evaluation processes.
    • The Manila Regional Trial Court ruled in favor of architects regarding the rights to seal and sign architectural documents in 2008.

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    Description

    Explore the origins of civil engineering in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period. This quiz covers the establishment of Intramuros and the significant contributions of Friar Architects and Engineers in shaping the infrastructure of the time. Test your knowledge of historical structures and their influence on modern engineering.

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