Questions and Answers
What is the therapeutic class of Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine)?
What is the pharmacologic class of Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine)?
Adrenergic drug (sympathomimetic)
How does Phenylephrine reduce nasal congestion?
By constricting the small vessels in the nasal mucosa
What effect does Phenylephrine have when applied topically to the eye?
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What is one advantage of Phenylephrine over epinephrine in treating acute hypotension?
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Which of the following are common side effects of Phenylephrine?
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Phenylephrine should be used cautiously in patients with heart disease.
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What should be used to treat an overdose of Phenylephrine?
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What is the intended therapeutic response of Phenylephrine?
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What is a contraindication for using Phenylephrine?
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Study Notes
Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine) Overview
- Classified as a nasal decongestant, mydriatic agent, and antihypotensive.
- Functions as an adrenergic drug that mimics sympathetic nerve activity.
Administration Routes
- Intranasal: Reduces nasal congestion by constricting small vessels in the nasal mucosa when applied as sprays or drops.
- Topical: Used in ophthalmic examinations to dilate pupils without significant cycloplegia.
- Parenteral: Effective in reversing acute hypotension from spinal anesthesia or vascular shock. Produces fewer cardiac side effects due to lack of beta-adrenergic activity.
Side Effects
- Common side effects include anxiety, restlessness, and tremor due to central nervous system stimulation.
- Less frequent effects with topical and intranasal use; prolonged intranasal usage may induce mucosal burning and rebound congestion.
Administration Alerts
- Parenteral use can cause tissue injury from extravasation.
- Ophthalmic drops may damage soft contact lenses.
- Classified as Pregnancy Category C.
Adverse Effects
- Topical/intranasal: Rare side effects, but prolonged use can lead to burning and narrow-angle glaucoma scenarios.
- Parenteral use can increase blood pressure and cause ventricular tachycardia, especially in patients with cardiovascular issues.
Contraindications
- Not recommended for patients with acute pancreatitis, heart disease, hepatitis, or narrow-angle glaucoma.
Overdose Management
- Managed with phentolamine (Regitine) to decrease blood pressure.
Expected Actions & Uses
- Acts as a selective alpha-adrenergic agonist with various formulations (intranasal, ophthalmic, IM, SQ, IV).
- Its actions are extensions of sympathetic stimulation, targeting similar responses as anticholinergic agents.
Desired Therapeutic Response
- Directly or indirectly stimulates the sympathetic nervous system, leading to various physiological responses associated with this system.
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Test your knowledge on Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine) with these flashcards. Learn about its therapeutic and pharmacologic classifications, as well as administration methods. Perfect for students studying pharmacology or healthcare practitioners.
