12 Questions
What is the reason behind the difficulty of benzene to undergo addition reactions?
Due to the delocalization of electrons in the benzene ring
What method involves passing hexane over a hot catalyst to obtain benzene?
Catalytic reforming
When benzene reacts with chlorine gas or bromine fumes in sunlight, what compound is formed?
Hexahalocyclohexane
Why are polynitro organic substances considered very explosive?
Contain weaker N-O bonds compared to C-O and N-N bonds
How does adding detergent to water enhance its ability to clean textile?
Decreases water's surface tension
Why is it challenging for benzene to undergo reactions by addition under normal conditions?
Due to the delocalization of electrons in the benzene ring
What is the correct structure of a phenyl group?
C6H5-
Which functional group is a meta directing group on the benzene ring?
Aldehydic (-CHO)
Who is credited with discovering the hexagonal cyclic shape of the benzene molecule?
Kekule
How is benzene obtained from phenol?
By reducing phenol with hot zinc powder
Which organic compound is the most important product obtained from the fractional distillation of coal tar?
Gasoline
What is the chemical formula for a vinyl group?
(CH2=CH2)-
Study Notes
Benzene Properties and Reactions
- Benzene has difficulty undergoing addition reactions due to its stable delocalized electron ring system.
Production of Benzene
- Benzene can be obtained by passing hexane over a hot catalyst.
Electrophilic Substitution Reactions
- Benzene reacts with chlorine gas or bromine fumes in sunlight to form halogenated derivatives.
Nitro Compounds
- Polynitro organic substances are considered very explosive due to their high reactivity.
Surface Chemistry
- Adding detergent to water enhances its ability to clean textile by reducing the surface tension of water.
Benzene Structure and Reactivity
- Benzene's delocalized electron ring system makes it challenging for the molecule to undergo reactions by addition under normal conditions.
- The correct structure of a phenyl group is a hexagonal cyclic shape.
Functional Groups
- Nitro (-NO2) is a meta directing group on the benzene ring.
History
- Michael Faraday is credited with discovering the hexagonal cyclic shape of the benzene molecule.
Obtaining Benzene
- Benzene can be obtained from phenol.
Coal Tar Products
- Benzene is the most important product obtained from the fractional distillation of coal tar.
Vinyl Group
- The chemical formula for a vinyl group is CH=CH2.
Test your knowledge on the structure of a phenyl group and meta directing groups on the benzene ring. Identify the correct structures and understand their roles in organic chemistry.
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