Phenobarbital Overview and Uses
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Questions and Answers

What is the prototype drug of Barbiturates?

  • Phenobarbital (correct)
  • Lorazepam
  • Diazepam
  • Alprazolam

    • What is the trade name of Phenobarbital?

    Luminal

    What is the therapeutic classification of Phenobarbital?

    Sedative-hypnotic; antiepileptic drug

    What is the pharmacologic classification of Phenobarbital?

    <p>Barbiturate, GABA receptor agonist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the therapeutic uses of Phenobarbital?

    <p>Short term treatment of insomnia and effective for treating seizures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of Phenobarbital?

    <p>Phenobarbital binds to GABA receptors to enhance GABA activity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the routes of administration (ROA) for Phenobarbital?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Phenobarbital absorbed?

    <p>Well absorbed by all routes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the distribution of Phenobarbital.

    <p>Rapidly and widely distributed; may cross the placenta; secreted in breast milk.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary metabolism route of Phenobarbital?

    <p>Hepatic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary excretion route of Phenobarbital?

    <p>Renal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the onset of action for Phenobarbital when given IV?

    <p>IV drug level peaks in 30 minutes; PO 8-12 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of action for Phenobarbital?

    <p>Half-life: 53-118 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some serious adverse effects of Phenobarbital?

    <p>Coma, Steven-Johnson syndrome, angioedema, thrombophlebitis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who should not take Phenobarbital?

    <p>Patients with hypersensitivity to barbiturates, suicidal ideation, severe respiratory disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substances interact with Phenobarbital?

    <p>Oral contraceptives, anti-convulsants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pregnancy category of Phenobarbital?

    <p>D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some nursing responsibilities related to Phenobarbital?

    <p>Take as instructed, do not discontinue without consultation, store away from bed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Phenobarbital Overview

    • Prototype drug of barbiturates, commonly known as Phenobarbital.
    • Commercially referred to as Luminal.

    Medical Classification

    • Therapeutic classification: Sedative-hypnotic and antiepileptic drug.
    • Pharmacologic classification: Barbiturate and GABA receptor agonist.

    Therapeutic Uses

    • FDA approved for short-term treatment of insomnia.
    • Effective for all types of seizures.
    • Administered intravenously in emergencies, such as status epilepticus, with caution to slow administration.

    Mechanism of Action

    • Binds to GABA receptors, enhancing GABA's activity which promotes sedation.

    Administration and Absorption

    • Routes of administration: Oral, Intramuscular, and Intravenous.
    • Well absorbed via all routes of administration.

    Pharmacokinetics

    • Rapid and wide distribution throughout the body.
    • Crosses the placenta and is secreted in breast milk.
    • Protein binding ranges from 20-40%.
    • Primary metabolism occurs in the liver; primary excretion through the kidneys.
    • Onset of action: IV peaks in 30 minutes; oral takes 8-12 hours.
    • Half-life: Ranges from 53 to 118 hours.

    Adverse Effects

    • Serious adverse effects include coma, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, angioedema, and thrombophlebitis.
    • Common CNS adverse effects: oversedation, hangover effect, lethargy, and hallucinations.

    Contraindications and Precautions

    • Contraindicated in patients with:
      • Hypersensitivity to barbiturates.
      • History of suicidal ideation or attempts.
      • Severe respiratory disease, severe pain, hypothyroidism, COPD, and porphyria.

    Drug Interactions

    • Notable interactions occur with oral contraceptives and anti-convulsants.

    Pregnancy and Nursing Considerations

    • Classified as Pregnancy Category D, indicating risks involved.
    • Nursing responsibilities include:
      • Adherence to prescribed instructions.
      • Avoid discontinuation without medical consultation.
      • Secure storage to prevent misuse or accidental overdose.

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    Description

    This quiz provides an overview of Phenobarbital, a key barbiturate used as a sedative-hypnotic and antiepileptic drug. Learn about its therapeutic uses, mechanism of action, and administration methods. Test your knowledge on this essential medication and its role in treating various conditions.

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