Questions and Answers
What is the prototype drug of Barbiturates?
What is the trade name of Phenobarbital?
Luminal
What is the therapeutic classification of Phenobarbital?
Sedative-hypnotic; antiepileptic drug
What is the pharmacologic classification of Phenobarbital?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the therapeutic uses of Phenobarbital?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of Phenobarbital?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the routes of administration (ROA) for Phenobarbital?
Signup and view all the answers
How is Phenobarbital absorbed?
Signup and view all the answers
Describe the distribution of Phenobarbital.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary metabolism route of Phenobarbital?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary excretion route of Phenobarbital?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the onset of action for Phenobarbital when given IV?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the duration of action for Phenobarbital?
Signup and view all the answers
What are some serious adverse effects of Phenobarbital?
Signup and view all the answers
Who should not take Phenobarbital?
Signup and view all the answers
Which substances interact with Phenobarbital?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the pregnancy category of Phenobarbital?
Signup and view all the answers
What are some nursing responsibilities related to Phenobarbital?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Phenobarbital Overview
- Prototype drug of barbiturates, commonly known as Phenobarbital.
- Commercially referred to as Luminal.
Medical Classification
- Therapeutic classification: Sedative-hypnotic and antiepileptic drug.
- Pharmacologic classification: Barbiturate and GABA receptor agonist.
Therapeutic Uses
- FDA approved for short-term treatment of insomnia.
- Effective for all types of seizures.
- Administered intravenously in emergencies, such as status epilepticus, with caution to slow administration.
Mechanism of Action
- Binds to GABA receptors, enhancing GABA's activity which promotes sedation.
Administration and Absorption
- Routes of administration: Oral, Intramuscular, and Intravenous.
- Well absorbed via all routes of administration.
Pharmacokinetics
- Rapid and wide distribution throughout the body.
- Crosses the placenta and is secreted in breast milk.
- Protein binding ranges from 20-40%.
- Primary metabolism occurs in the liver; primary excretion through the kidneys.
- Onset of action: IV peaks in 30 minutes; oral takes 8-12 hours.
- Half-life: Ranges from 53 to 118 hours.
Adverse Effects
- Serious adverse effects include coma, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, angioedema, and thrombophlebitis.
- Common CNS adverse effects: oversedation, hangover effect, lethargy, and hallucinations.
Contraindications and Precautions
- Contraindicated in patients with:
- Hypersensitivity to barbiturates.
- History of suicidal ideation or attempts.
- Severe respiratory disease, severe pain, hypothyroidism, COPD, and porphyria.
Drug Interactions
- Notable interactions occur with oral contraceptives and anti-convulsants.
Pregnancy and Nursing Considerations
- Classified as Pregnancy Category D, indicating risks involved.
- Nursing responsibilities include:
- Adherence to prescribed instructions.
- Avoid discontinuation without medical consultation.
- Secure storage to prevent misuse or accidental overdose.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
This quiz provides an overview of Phenobarbital, a key barbiturate used as a sedative-hypnotic and antiepileptic drug. Learn about its therapeutic uses, mechanism of action, and administration methods. Test your knowledge on this essential medication and its role in treating various conditions.
