Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary difference between conventional Ultrasonic Testing (UT) and Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing (PAUT)?

The main difference is in the probe; conventional UT uses a single transducer, while PAUT utilizes multiple transducer elements.

What does PAUT stand for and describe the basic technology?

PAUT stands for Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing. It's a computerized application of ultrasonics that uses high-speed electronics and real-time imaging.

How are the elements in a PAUT probe controlled to achieve specific effects such as beam steering or focusing?

The elements' excitation is individually controlled by timing, which allows for steering and focusing.

What is a 'focal law' in PAUT?

A focal law in PAUT defines the elements to be fired, the time delays and voltages for each element. Signup and view all the answers

Describe how the individual transducer elements of a PAUT probe are arranged and function together.

The PAUT probe is essentially a conventional probe cut into multiple acoustically insulated elements. They are pulsed in groups with pre-calculated time delays. Signup and view all the answers

What is beam forming in the context of PAUT?

Beam forming is when no time delay is applied and the PAUT probe acts like a conventional UT probe. Signup and view all the answers

How does beam steering modify the refracted angle in PAUT?

Beam steering modifies the refracted angle by applying a linear focal law (delays). Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of using beam steering in PAUT?

Beam steering allows inspection at multiple angles using a single probe. Signup and view all the answers

How does electronic scanning achieve beam movement along an array?

Electronic scanning achieves beam movement through time multiplexing the active element group. Signup and view all the answers

What type of scan is often used for corrosion mapping, and what does the beam do?

Linear electronic scanning is often used for corrosion mapping, where the beam moves along the length of the probe. Signup and view all the answers

What is a sectorial scan in the context of PAUT?

A sectorial scan is the ability to scan a complete sector or volume without moving the probe. Signup and view all the answers

Name three applications of PAUT mentioned in the text.

New construction weld inspection, In-service weld inspection and complex geometries inspection. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of creating a scan plan in weld inspection?

A scan plan ensures complete weld coverage and aids in equipment setup and focal law setting. Signup and view all the answers

Name three equipment calibration steps in the weld inspection.

Velocity, wedge delay for all angles, and sensitivity for all angles, Time Corrected Gain (TCG). Signup and view all the answers

Besides on-site, real-time interpretation, where else can inspection results be interpreted?

Inspection results can also be reviewed post-inspection. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing (PAUT)

PAUT uses computerized ultrasonics with high-speed electronics for real-time imaging
Special probes are used in advanced technology for inspection
PAUT and conventional UT use the same basic theory, but the probe differs
PAUT probes are mosaics of transducer elements, enabling individual control of element excitation
This allows for precise beam steering and focusing

PAUT Probe Operation

Elements are acoustically isolated
Elements are pulsed in groups with calculated time delays
Focal law determines which elements are fired, their time delays, and voltages for both the transmitter and receiver

PAUT Beam Forming

No time delay is applied, making the PAUT probe similar to a conventional UT probe
The probe's elements are electronically controlled to form a beam

PAUT Beam Steering

Allows for modified refracted angles and multiple angle inspections with a single probe
Applies a linear focal law (delays)

PAUT Beam Focusing and Steering

Provides capability to focus at specific depths and angles simultaneously
Applies a focal law (delays), as depicted in figures

PAUT Electronic Scanning

Enables beam movement along an array axis without mechanical movement
Beam movement is achieved through time-multiplexing of active elements
Scanning types depend on probe geometry (linear, sectorial, lateral, combination)

PAUT Linear Electronic Scan

Beam moves along the length of the probe
Can be a straight beam or at a fixed angle
Commonly used for corrosion mapping

PAUT Sectorial Scan

Scans a complete sector or volume without probe movement
Useful for complex geometries
Distinguishes PAUT from other techniques

PAUT Applications

New construction weld inspection
In-service weld inspection (including Stress Corrosion Cracking)
Complex geometries (nozzles, flanges, shafts, bolts)
C-scan mapping
PAUT is commonly used, accepted, and code-compliant in phased array ultrasonics

PAUT Weld Inspection

Comprehensive scan plans for weld coverage are crucial
Scan plans help set up equipment and focal laws

PAUT Weld Inspection Calibration

Equipment calibration is important
Velocity, wedge delay, sensitivity, and time-corrected gain (TCG) for all angles are critical

PAUT Weld Scanning

Can be manual, semi-automated, or fully automated
Semi-automated systems use encoders and fixed distances to the weld center line
Automated scanners are completely programmable

PAUT Inspection Results

Signal interpretation occurs in real time, often with an omni scan
Tomo view is also used
Permanent data files are saved for future reference, such as for auditing inspection results

PAUT Advantages

Lateral defect position information (depth and height)
Permanent record
Repeatability (good for monitoring)
No radiation involved
Can be used for various applications
Identifies surface and volume defects (no dead zone)
Simplified interpretation

PAUT Disadvantages

Higher-cost equipment
Requires trained technicians for interpretation
Angle of incidence is not always optimal with S-scan

Contact Information

Email: [email protected]
Phone: +66 (0) 33 012 484-7
Website: www.dacon-inspection.com

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Description

Explore the principles and operations of Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing (PAUT). This quiz covers the technology behind PAUT, including probe operation, beam forming, and beam steering techniques. Perfect for those looking to deepen their understanding of advanced ultrasonic testing methods.