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Questions and Answers
At which point on the curve ABC is the concentration above saturation with the major component?
What is the value of AE on the curve ABC?
Which scenario leads to a saturated solution with both components on the curve ABC?
What is unique about the curve ABC when it comes to optical isomers?
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What does point B on the curve ABC signify?
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In which section of the curve ABC do we observe a phase containing both solid major and unsaturated minor components?
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What is significant about section C to D on the curve ABC?
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Which value does EF represent on the curve ABC?
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Study Notes
Phase Solubility Curve
- The curve ABC is obtained in case of:
- Pure substance
- Mixture of materials in a unique ratio of their solubilities
- Optical isomers in a 1:1 ratio
Non-Pure Substance (One Impurity)
- Saturated solution + Solid major + Solid minor (F=0)
- Saturation of minor and major components
- Saturation point: Saturated solution + Solid major (F=1)
- Unsaturated solution (F=2)
Phase Solubility Curve ABCD
- Obtained in case of:
- One impurity not present in a unique ratio of its solubility
- Optical isomers not present in a 1:1 ratio
Phase Solubility Method
- Steps of determination:
- Mixing increasing amounts of substance with known amounts of solvent
- Establishment of equilibrium for each system at constant temperature
- Separation of the solid phase from solutions
- Determination of the concentration of the material dissolved in the various solutions
- Plotting amount of dissolved material per unit volume of solvent against mass of material per unit volume of solvent
- Extrapolation and Calculation
Phase Solubility Curve for Pure Substance
- Saturation point: Saturated solution + Solid (F=0)
- Unsaturated solution (F=1)
- Conc is below saturation (F=2-1=1)
- Conc is above saturation (F=2-2=0)
- Point D: Solubility of pure substance
Phase Solubility Analysis
- Importance:
- Determination of solubility of pure substance from a non-pure sample
- Determination of purity of sample
- Differentiation between optical isomers (unless present in a 1:1 ratio)
Optical Isomers
- Definition: Mirror images that are not superimposable, also called “enantiomers”
- Characteristics:
- Differ in their interaction with polarized light
- Similar in physical characteristics (B.pt, density, solubility, RI, viscosity)
- Only one is being active isomer, the other is inactive and used to adulterate the active isomer
- Different in their optical activity
Gibbs Phase Rule
- F = C – P + 2
- F is the degrees of freedom (3 independent variables affecting solubility)
- C is the number of components
- P is the number of phases
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Description
Learn about the steps involved in determining phase solubility using the phase solubility method at constant temperature and pressure. The process includes mixing substances with a solvent, establishing equilibrium, separating the solid phase, and plotting solution concentrations.
