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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Triple Point = The particular temperature and pressure at which the solid, liquid, and gaseous phases of a given substance are all at equilibrium with one another. Critical Point = The temperature when gas is liquefied at its critical pressure. General-purpose programming = Python Client-side scripting for web applications = JavaScript
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Quantitative Aspects in Phase Changes = Chapter 1.3.4 Styling web pages = CSS Database queries = SQL Amount of heat required to convert ice to gas = 2258J/g
Match the following terms with their role in phase changes:
Match the following terms with their role in phase changes:
Solid, liquid, and gaseous phases equilibrium = Triple Point Formation of supercritical fluid = Two phases blend into one another Phase change calculations = Chapter 1.3.4 Liquefaction of gas at critical pressure = Critical Point
Match the phase change with the correct description:
Match the phase change with the correct description:
Match the phase change with the correct description:
Match the phase change with the correct description:
Match the crystal lattice term with the correct definition:
Match the crystal lattice term with the correct definition:
Match the phase change with the corresponding heat absorbed or released:
Match the phase change with the corresponding heat absorbed or released:
Match the specific heat value with the corresponding substance:
Match the specific heat value with the corresponding substance:
Match the phase change with the heat value it involves:
Match the phase change with the heat value it involves:
Match the equation with its representation in the context of phase changes:
Match the equation with its representation in the context of phase changes:
Match the phase change value with the right unit:
Match the phase change value with the right unit:
Match the process with the amount of heat involved:
Match the process with the amount of heat involved:
Match the type of solid with its primary characteristic:
Match the type of solid with its primary characteristic:
Match the substance with its correct solid type:
Match the substance with its correct solid type:
Match the bonding type with the corresponding solid type:
Match the bonding type with the corresponding solid type:
Match the term with the correct definition:
Match the term with the correct definition:
Match the compound with its correct solid type:
Match the compound with its correct solid type:
Match the characteristic with the corresponding solid type:
Match the characteristic with the corresponding solid type:
Match the mineral with its crystal lattice structure:
Match the mineral with its crystal lattice structure:
Match the type of cubic unit cell with its description:
Match the type of cubic unit cell with its description:
Match the characteristic with the type of solid:
Match the characteristic with the type of solid:
Match the mineral with its crystal lattice structure:
Match the mineral with its crystal lattice structure:
Match the mineral with its crystal lattice structure:
Match the mineral with its crystal lattice structure:
Match the mineral with its crystal lattice structure:
Match the mineral with its crystal lattice structure:
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Study Notes
Phase Changes
- Heat of Vaporization: 2258 J/g
- Problem: Calculate the amount of heat (joules) required to convert 200g of ice cubes at -20°C to gas at 120°C
Phase Diagram
- Triple Point: the temperature and pressure at which solid, liquid, and gaseous phases are in equilibrium
- Critical Point: the temperature at which a gas is liquefied at its critical pressure
- Supercritical fluid: a state where two phases blend into one another, neither liquid nor gas
Solids
- Ionic Solids:
- Formed from positive and negative ions
- Electrostatic attractions
- Examples: salts (NaCl, MgCl2, Ca(NO3)2)
- Molecular Solids:
- Formed from atoms or molecules
- Hydrogen bonds, dipole-dipole forces, and dispersion forces
- Examples: most organic compounds and some inorganic compounds (CO2, H2O, Br2)
- Covalent Solids:
- Formed from atoms connected in a network of covalent molecules
- Covalent bonds
- Examples: diamond (carbon), SiC (silicon carbide), quartz (SiO2)
- Metallic Solids:
- Formed from atoms or molecules
- Metallic bonds
- Examples: all metallic elements (Cu, Na, Zn, Fe, Al)
Quantitative Aspects in Phase Changes
- Specific Heat: the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1g of a substance by 1°C
- Heat of Fusion (Hfus): the heat absorbed to melt 1g of ice to 1g of liquid water = 333.6 J/g
- Heat of Solidification (Hsol): the heat given up or released when 1g of liquid water changes to 1g of ice = 333.6 J/g
- Heat of Vaporization (Hvap): the energy absorbed to change 1g of liquid to gas at its boiling point = 2258 J/g
- Heat of Condensation (Hcon): the heat released when 1g of a gas condenses to a liquid at its boiling point = 2258 J/g
Crystal Lattice and Unit Cell
- Unit Cell: the smallest portion of the crystal that shows the complete pattern of its particles
- Crystal Lattice: formed when unit cells are repeated in all directions
- Parallelepiped: a six-sided figure whose faces are parallelograms
- Basic Types of Unit Cells:
- Cubic
- Tetragonal
- Orthorhombic
- Monoclinic
- Rhombohedral
- Hexagonal
- Triclinic
- Kinds of Cubic Unit Cells:
- Simple Cubic
- Body-centered Cubic
- Face-centered Cubic
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