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Questions and Answers
A sealed jar of water changes from solid to liquid after being left outside. What happened to the water molecules during this phase change?
A sealed jar of water changes from solid to liquid after being left outside. What happened to the water molecules during this phase change?
- The molecules transitioned from moving in place to moving around each other. (correct)
- The molecules transitioned from moving around each other to moving away from each other.
- The molecules stopped moving entirely.
- The molecules transitioned from moving around each other to moving in place.
Two liquid substances at room temperature have the same amount of energy removed. Substance 1 changes phase, but Substance 2 does not. What explains the difference between the substances?
Two liquid substances at room temperature have the same amount of energy removed. Substance 1 changes phase, but Substance 2 does not. What explains the difference between the substances?
- Substance 1 has a stronger attraction between its molecules than Substance 2, and its molecules now move away from each other.
- Substance 1 has a stronger attraction between its molecules than Substance 2, and its molecules now move in place.
- Substance 1 has a weaker attraction between its molecules than Substance 2. (correct)
- Substance 2 has less mass than Substance 1.
Lily transfers energy into a substance, causing it to undergo a phase change from liquid to gas. What happens to the substance's molecules?
Lily transfers energy into a substance, causing it to undergo a phase change from liquid to gas. What happens to the substance's molecules?
- The substance's molecules will move slower, and the substance will become a solid.
- The substance's molecules will move faster, and the substance will become a gas. (correct)
- The substance's molecules will move faster but remain a liquid.
- The substance's molecules will move slower, and the substance will become a liquid.
Colton measures a pond's temperature. It's 18°C in the morning and higher when he returns from school. What happened to the water molecules during this time?
Colton measures a pond's temperature. It's 18°C in the morning and higher when he returns from school. What happened to the water molecules during this time?
A substance's molecules initially move away from each other, then later move around each other. What phase change occurred?
A substance's molecules initially move away from each other, then later move around each other. What phase change occurred?
What happens to molecules when their kinetic energy decreases?
What happens to molecules when their kinetic energy decreases?
Scientists increase the speed of a substance's molecules, causing a phase change from an unknown solid or liquid state. How did they do this, and how did it affect the substance?
Scientists increase the speed of a substance's molecules, causing a phase change from an unknown solid or liquid state. How did they do this, and how did it affect the substance?
Equal amounts of energy are added to sweet and sour liquid foods. One changes phase; the other does not. Which food changes phase, and how?
Equal amounts of energy are added to sweet and sour liquid foods. One changes phase; the other does not. Which food changes phase, and how?
Consider water in the ocean and ice in a glacier. Which of the following statements accurately describes the movement of their molecules?
Consider water in the ocean and ice in a glacier. Which of the following statements accurately describes the movement of their molecules?
Mario changes liquid chocolate to a solid. What happened to the chocolate molecules during this phase change?
Mario changes liquid chocolate to a solid. What happened to the chocolate molecules during this phase change?
Scientists transfer energy out of a liquid water sample, causing a phase change. What happens to the water molecules' movement?
Scientists transfer energy out of a liquid water sample, causing a phase change. What happens to the water molecules' movement?
An airplane fuel tank's temperature decreases from 27°C to 3°C during a flight. What happened to the fuel molecules?
An airplane fuel tank's temperature decreases from 27°C to 3°C during a flight. What happened to the fuel molecules?
A scientist adds the same amount of energy to pink and green liquid substances. Only the pink substance changes phase. How is the pink substance different from the green substance?
A scientist adds the same amount of energy to pink and green liquid substances. Only the pink substance changes phase. How is the pink substance different from the green substance?
A diagram shows the movement of molecules increasing in a substance used to make fuel. What change did the fuel scientist observe in the substance?
A diagram shows the movement of molecules increasing in a substance used to make fuel. What change did the fuel scientist observe in the substance?
A medicine has molecules moving around each other. The doctor needs to slow down the molecules enough to cause a phase change. How will she do this, and how will this affect the medicine?
A medicine has molecules moving around each other. The doctor needs to slow down the molecules enough to cause a phase change. How will she do this, and how will this affect the medicine?
A scientist compares substances Q and R, both liquids at room temperature. When the same amount of energy is removed from both, only one changes phase. Which changes phase, and how?
A scientist compares substances Q and R, both liquids at room temperature. When the same amount of energy is removed from both, only one changes phase. Which changes phase, and how?
Jamil's bicycle is made of aluminum. When are the aluminum molecules in his bicycle moving?
Jamil's bicycle is made of aluminum. When are the aluminum molecules in his bicycle moving?
How is the kinetic energy of molecules changing when the molecules move faster?
How is the kinetic energy of molecules changing when the molecules move faster?
A truck carrying a substance with molecules moving away from each other parks overnight, and energy transfers out. How are the molecules moving after the energy transfer?
A truck carrying a substance with molecules moving away from each other parks overnight, and energy transfers out. How are the molecules moving after the energy transfer?
A mining crew extracts two minerals and adds the same amount of energy to both. Mineral A changes while mineral B stays the same. Why?
A mining crew extracts two minerals and adds the same amount of energy to both. Mineral A changes while mineral B stays the same. Why?
Which phase change involves a substance going directly from a solid to a gas?
Which phase change involves a substance going directly from a solid to a gas?
What is the smallest unit of an element called?
What is the smallest unit of an element called?
Which of the following accurately describes the sequence of steps commonly used in the Scientific Method?
Which of the following accurately describes the sequence of steps commonly used in the Scientific Method?
How does increasing the temperature of a gas in a closed container affect the speed and movement of its molecules?
How does increasing the temperature of a gas in a closed container affect the speed and movement of its molecules?
If you observe that a liquid is evaporating quickly, what can you infer about the strength of the intermolecular forces within the liquid?
If you observe that a liquid is evaporating quickly, what can you infer about the strength of the intermolecular forces within the liquid?
Why does ice float on water?
Why does ice float on water?
Which of the following is an example of deposition?
Which of the following is an example of deposition?
How does pressure affect the boiling point of a liquid, and why?
How does pressure affect the boiling point of a liquid, and why?
What is the relationship between heat and temperature?
What is the relationship between heat and temperature?
Flashcards
Kinetic Energy Decrease
Kinetic Energy Decrease
The speed of the molecules decreases.
Phase Change via Energy Transfer
Phase Change via Energy Transfer
Energy transferred into the substance, changing it into a gas.
Molecular Motion
Molecular Motion
The molecules are always moving, regardless of the state of matter.
Liquid to Solid Phase Change
Liquid to Solid Phase Change
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Energy Transfer & Molecular Motion
Energy Transfer & Molecular Motion
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Temperature Increase Effect
Temperature Increase Effect
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Gas to Liquid Phase Change
Gas to Liquid Phase Change
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Temperature Decrease Effect
Temperature Decrease Effect
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Molecular Attraction Strength
Molecular Attraction Strength
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Change of State
Change of State
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Slowing Molecules with Energy
Slowing Molecules with Energy
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Molecular Attraction and Phase Change
Molecular Attraction and Phase Change
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Kinetic Energy and Speed
Kinetic Energy and Speed
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Gas State
Gas State
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Gas State
Gas State
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Solid to Gas Phase Change
Solid to Gas Phase Change
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Smallest Unit of Element
Smallest Unit of Element
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Study Notes
- Phase changes occur when a substance transitions between solid, liquid, and gas phases.
- Phase changes are dependent on the movement of molecules within a substance.
Molecular Motion and Phase Changes
- In a solid, molecules are moving in place.
- In a liquid, molecules move around each other.
- In a gas, molecules move away from each other.
- Adding energy typically causes molecules to move faster; subtracting energy causes them to slow down.
- When energy is added to a solid it can become a liquid
- When energy is added to a liquid it can become a gas
- When energy is removed from a gas it will becomes a liquid
- When energy is removed from liquid it becomes a solid
Energy Transfer and Molecular Behavior
- When the same amount of energy is transferred into two substances and one changes phase while the other doesn't indicates differences in the strength of attraction between their molecules.
- A substance with weaker attractions between molecules will change phase more readily because less energy is needed for its molecules to overcome the attractive forces.
- Cooling (transferring energy out) causes molecules to slow down until their attractions cause them to move closer and potentially change its phase.
Kinetic Energy
- Kinetic energy is related to the movement of molecules, and is impacted by temperature.
- As molecules move faster, their kinetic energy increases.
- As molecules slow down, their kinetic energy decreases.
Phase Change & Energy Transfer
- For a substance to change from a liquid to a solid, energy must be transferred out of the substance.
Molecular Movement
- Molecules are always moving, even in solids.
Determining Factors in Phase Change
- Phase changes occur when molecules gain enough speed/energy to overcome the attraction between them and move away from each other.
- How strong the attraction between molecules determines their movement and what phase the substance is.
Sublimation
- Sublimation is a phase change where a substance transitions directly from a solid to a gas.
Atoms
- The smallest unit of an element is called an atom.
Scientific Method
- The scientific method involves a series of steps used by scientists to explore a topic and find a conclusion.
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