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Questions and Answers
What are the layers of the pharyngeal muscles?
What are the layers of the pharyngeal muscles?
Which of the following muscles is NOT part of the internal longitudinal layer of the pharynx?
Which of the following muscles is NOT part of the internal longitudinal layer of the pharynx?
Which artery is responsible for supplying blood to the palatine tonsils?
Which artery is responsible for supplying blood to the palatine tonsils?
What is the laryngeal inlet?
What is the laryngeal inlet?
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The piriform sinus is separated from the laryngeal inlet by which structure?
The piriform sinus is separated from the laryngeal inlet by which structure?
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How many constrictors are part of the pharyngeal external circular layer?
How many constrictors are part of the pharyngeal external circular layer?
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The tonsillar branch of which artery supplies blood to the palatine tonsils?
The tonsillar branch of which artery supplies blood to the palatine tonsils?
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Which of the following muscles belongs to the external circular layer of the pharynx?
Which of the following muscles belongs to the external circular layer of the pharynx?
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Where is the cricopharyngeus muscle located?
Where is the cricopharyngeus muscle located?
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Which of the following arteries does NOT supply the palatine tonsils?
Which of the following arteries does NOT supply the palatine tonsils?
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What condition is characterized by the enlargement of lymphoid tissue that obstructs nasal airways?
What condition is characterized by the enlargement of lymphoid tissue that obstructs nasal airways?
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Which of the following structures is NOT part of Waldeyer's tonsillar ring?
Which of the following structures is NOT part of Waldeyer's tonsillar ring?
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What role does the cricopharyngeal muscle play in swallowing?
What role does the cricopharyngeal muscle play in swallowing?
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What anatomical structure does the larynx serve as an upper part of?
What anatomical structure does the larynx serve as an upper part of?
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Which part of the larynx is responsible for phonation?
Which part of the larynx is responsible for phonation?
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What condition can arise if the cricopharyngeal muscle does not relax properly during swallowing?
What condition can arise if the cricopharyngeal muscle does not relax properly during swallowing?
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What type of membrane lines the cavity of the larynx?
What type of membrane lines the cavity of the larynx?
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Which structure is responsible for pushing food down toward the cricopharyngeal muscle?
Which structure is responsible for pushing food down toward the cricopharyngeal muscle?
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Which cartilage is NOT considered unpaired in the larynx?
Which cartilage is NOT considered unpaired in the larynx?
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What causes the formation of a pouch in the pharynx?
What causes the formation of a pouch in the pharynx?
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Where is Killian's triangle located?
Where is Killian's triangle located?
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Which portion of the larynx is located between the hyoid bone and the false vocal cords?
Which portion of the larynx is located between the hyoid bone and the false vocal cords?
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What component helps adjust the width of the glottis?
What component helps adjust the width of the glottis?
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Which of the following best describes the action of powerful muscles in the throat during swallowing?
Which of the following best describes the action of powerful muscles in the throat during swallowing?
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What structure does NOT make up the ventricle of the larynx?
What structure does NOT make up the ventricle of the larynx?
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What happens to the pharynx wall when food gets caught in a muscular squeeze play?
What happens to the pharynx wall when food gets caught in a muscular squeeze play?
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Which tonsils are specifically paired in the human body?
Which tonsils are specifically paired in the human body?
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What is the primary function of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle?
What is the primary function of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle?
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When food is swallowed, which muscle is primarily involved in the relaxation required for food to pass?
When food is swallowed, which muscle is primarily involved in the relaxation required for food to pass?
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What could be a result of an obstructed swallowing process?
What could be a result of an obstructed swallowing process?
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Study Notes
Pharynx and Larynx Anatomy
- Pharynx: A 12 cm muscular tube posterior to the nasal and oral cavities, extending to the esophagus.
- Structure: Five layers: mucous membrane, submucosa, pharyngobasilar fascia, pharyngeal muscles (stylopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus), and buccopharyngeal fascia.
- Divisions: Nasopharynx (respiration), Oropharynx (digestion), Laryngopharynx.
- Nasopharynx: Continuous with the eustachian tube.
- Oropharynx: Contains palatine tonsils; part of digestive tract.
- Laryngopharynx: Connects to the larynx and esophagus; anterior to the bodies of the vertebrae.
- Pharyngeal Muscles: Internal longitudinal layer and external circular layer, involved in swallowing. Innervated by vagus nerve (except stylopharyngeus- glossopharyngeal).
- Sensory Innervation: Nasopharynx (maxillary nerve), Oropharynx (glossopharyngeal), Laryngopharynx (vagus).
- Motor Innervation: All muscles except stylopharyngeus (glossopharyngeal) innervated by vagus.
- Blood Supply: Branches of external carotid arteries, including ascending pharyngeal artery, tonsillar branches of facial, and branches of maxillary and lingual arteries.
- Pharyngeal Diverticulum: Caused by cricopharyngeus muscle dysfunction. Symptoms include swallowing difficulties (dysphagia). Killian's triangle is an area between the cricopharyngeus and thyropharyngeus muscles.
- Adenoids: Hypertrophy of lymphoid tissue in the nasopharynx; can obstruct nasal passage.
Larynx Anatomy
- Function: Voice production (phonation) and protecting the airway.
- Structure: Supported by nine cartilages (3 unpaired: thyroid, cricoid, epiglottis; 3 paired: arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform).
- Location: Anterior to the laryngopharynx, superior to the trachea.
- Laryngeal Cartilages: Epiglottis, thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform.
- Interior Divisions: Laryngeal vestibule, Larynx, Infraglottic cavity.
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Nerve Supply:
- Motor: Recurrent laryngeal nerve (except cricothyroid which is innervated by superior laryngeal nerve). Both are branches of vagus.
- Sensory: Above vocal cords: Internal laryngeal nerve, below vocal cords: Recurrent laryngeal nerve.
- Blood Supply: Superior laryngeal artery, inferior laryngeal arteries, inferior thyroid artery.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the pharynx and larynx. This quiz covers the structure, divisions, and innervation of these critical components of the respiratory and digestive systems. Explore your understanding of the muscular layers and their functions in swallowing.
