p2 Pharyngeal Arches in Development
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Questions and Answers

How many pharyngeal arches are typically recognized during development?

  • 4
  • 5
  • 6 (correct)
  • 7

    • The mesenchymal core of each pharyngeal arch is derived from which sources?

  • Paraxial mesoderm, lateral mesoderm, and surface ectoderm
  • Paraxial mesoderm, lateral mesoderm, and neural crest cells (correct)
  • Endoderm, neural crest cells, and lateral mesoderm
  • Neural crest cells, ectoderm, and paraxial mesoderm

    • Which tissue contributes to the connective tissues in the pharyngeal arches?

  • Paraxial mesoderm
  • Neural crest cells (correct)
  • Lateral mesoderm
  • Surface ectoderm

    • What does the first pharyngeal cleft develop into?

    <p>External ear canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure develops from the first pharyngeal pouch?

    <p>Auditory tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The palatine tonsils are derived from which pharyngeal pouch?

    <p>2nd pouch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures arise from the 3rd pharyngeal pouch?

    <p>Inferior parathyroid glands and thymus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The superior parathyroid glands and parafollicular (C) cells of the thyroid are derived from which pharyngeal pouch?

    <p>4th pouch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which germ layer lines the internal surface of the pharyngeal arches?

    <p>Endoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the second through fourth pharyngeal clefts during development?

    <p>They typically regress and do not contribute to adult structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structures are derived from the paraxial mesoderm in the face and neck?

    <p>Floor of the brain case, craniofacial muscles, and posterior connective tissues of the head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which rhombomeres contribute to the first pharyngeal arch?

    <p>R1 and R2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The malleus and incus bones are derived from which pharyngeal arch?

    <p>1st arch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is associated with the second pharyngeal arch?

    <p>Facial nerve (VII)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the arterial derivative of the third pharyngeal arch?

    <p>Common carotid artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The greater horn of the hyoid bone is formed from which pharyngeal arch?

    <p>3rd arch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is formed by the first pharyngeal cleft?

    <p>External ear canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The muscles of the pharynx and larynx are derived from which pharyngeal arches?

    <p>4th and 6th arches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the fourth pharyngeal pouch develop into?

    <p>Superior parathyroid glands and C cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cervical cysts are remnants of which structure?

    <p>Pharyngeal clefts other than the first</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the paraxial mesoderm contribute to in craniofacial development?

    <p>Voluntary craniofacial muscles and meninges caudal to the prosencephalon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neural crest cells contributing to the second pharyngeal arch arise from which rhombomere(s)?

    <p>R4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neural crest cells from the midbrain migrate to which pharyngeal arch?

    <p>First pharyngeal arch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about pharyngeal arches is correct?

    <p>Each pharyngeal arch contributes to the development of specific structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which rhombomeres contribute neural crest cells to the third pharyngeal arch?

    <p>R6 and R7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The connective tissues of the facial region are derived from which source?

    <p>Neural crest cells from the cephalic portion of the neural tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is derived from the paraxial mesoderm?

    <p>Connective tissue of the posterior head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neural crest cells from R8 contribute to which pharyngeal arch(es)?

    <p>Fourth and sixth pharyngeal arches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which craniofacial structure is formed by the ventral migration of neural crest cells to the pharyngeal arches?

    <p>Connective tissues in the facial region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The meninges caudal to the prosencephalon are derived from:

    <p>Paraxial mesoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neural crest cells originating from R4 contribute to the formation of which skeletal structures?

    <p>Stapes and styloid process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is associated with the 3rd pharyngeal arch?

    <p>Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 1st pharyngeal arch gives rise to which nerve?

    <p>Trigeminal nerve (V)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 3rd pharyngeal arch is associated with which artery?

    <p>Internal carotid artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pharyngeal arch is linked to the unpaired dorsal aorta?

    <p>4th and 6th arches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 1st pharyngeal cleft contributes to the formation of:

    <p>External ear canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A persistent cervical sinus is a remnant of which pharyngeal clefts?

    <p>2nd, 3rd, and 4th</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 1st pharyngeal pouch develops into:

    <p>Auditory tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 3rd pharyngeal pouch forms which structures?

    <p>Inferior parathyroid glands and thymus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is derived from the 4th pharyngeal pouch?

    <p>Superior parathyroid glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 2nd pharyngeal arch contributes to which structure?

    <p>Lesser horn of the hyoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which skeletal structures are derived from the 2nd pharyngeal arch?

    <p>Stapes, styloid process, stylohyoid ligament, lesser horn of the hyoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 3rd pharyngeal arch contributes to which of the following skeletal structures?

    <p>Greater horn and lower portion of the body of the hyoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The nerve of the 1st pharyngeal arch is:

    <p>Trigeminal nerve (V), mandibular division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is associated with the 4th pharyngeal arch?

    <p>Vagus nerve (X), superior laryngeal branch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Muscles of facial expression are derived from which pharyngeal arch?

    <p>2nd pharyngeal arch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 1st pharyngeal arch gives rise to all the following muscles EXCEPT:

    <p>Stylopharyngeus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 6th pharyngeal arch artery on the left side forms which structure?

    <p>Ductus arteriosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 3rd pharyngeal arch artery contributes to which of the following?

    <p>Internal carotid artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 1st pharyngeal pouch gives rise to which of the following?

    <p>Eustachian tube and middle ear cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 4th pharyngeal pouch form?

    <p>Superior parathyroid glands and ultimobranchial body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 1st pharyngeal cleft develops into:

    <p>External auditory meatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Failure of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th pharyngeal clefts to obliterate leads to:

    <p>Persistent cervical sinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The skeletal derivatives of the first pharyngeal arch include:

    <p>Maxilla, incus, Meckel’s cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The skeletal derivatives of the second pharyngeal arch include:

    <p>Stapes, styloid process, lesser horn of the hyoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following skeletal derivatives are associated with the third pharyngeal arch?

    <p>Greater horn and part of the body of the hyoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The nerve associated with the first pharyngeal arch is: A) Trigeminal nerve (V) B) Facial nerve (VII) C) Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) D) Vagus nerve (X)

    <p>Trigeminal nerve (V)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The nerve associated with the second pharyngeal arch is:

    <p>Facial nerve (VII)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The nerve associated with the third pharyngeal arch is:

    <p>Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is associated with the fourth and sixth pharyngeal arches?

    <p>Vagus nerve (X)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The muscles of mastication are derived from which pharyngeal arch?

    <p>First pharyngeal arch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The muscles of facial expression are derived from which pharyngeal arch?

    <p>Second pharyngeal arch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The stylopharyngeus muscle is derived from which pharyngeal arch?

    <p>Third pharyngeal arch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The intrinsic muscles of the larynx are derived from which pharyngeal arch?

    <p>Sixth pharyngeal arch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The first pharyngeal arch artery contributes to which arterial structure?

    <p>Maxillary artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The fourth pharyngeal arch artery contributes to which structure?

    <p>Subclavian artery (left)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The sixth pharyngeal arch artery contributes to which structure? A) Pulmonary artery B) Subclavian artery (right) C) Internal carotid artery D) Maxillary artery

    <p>Pulmonary artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the first pharyngeal pouch develop into?

    <p>Auditory tube and middle ear cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The second pharyngeal pouch forms the:

    <p>Palatine tonsils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The third pharyngeal pouch gives rise to the:

    <p>Inferior parathyroid glands and thymus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The third pharyngeal pouch gives rise to the:

    <p>Inferior parathyroid glands and thymus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The fourth pharyngeal pouch gives rise to the:

    <p>Superior parathyroid glands and C-cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what week of development does ear development begin?

    <p>3-4 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The surface ectoderm overlying which structure thickens to form the otic placode?

    <p>Rhombencephalon (hindbrain)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is formed when the otic placode invaginates?

    <p>Otic pit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is formed when the otic placode invaginates?

    <p>Otic pit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The otic pit pinches off to form which structure?

    <p>Otic vesicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The otic vesicle ultimately develops into which part of the ear?

    <p>Inner ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures does the otic vesicle give rise to?

    <p>Cochlea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is derived from the first pharyngeal cleft?

    <p>External acoustic meatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed from the first pharyngeal pouch during ear development?

    <p>Pharyngotympanic tube and middle ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The otic vesicle gives rise to which of the following structures? A) Utricle and semicircular canals (pars superior) B) Saccule and cochlear duct (pars inferior) C) External acoustic meatus D) Both A and B

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pharyngeal arches contribute mesenchymal condensation that forms the ossicles and their muscles?

    <p>Both 1st and 2nd pharyngeal arches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures does the pars superior of the otic vesicle develop into?

    <p>Utricle and semicircular canals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure does the pars inferior of the otic vesicle develop into?

    <p>Cochlear duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is derived from the first pharyngeal cleft during ear development?

    <p>External auditory meatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the first pharyngeal pouch during ear development?

    <p>Formation of the tubotympanic recess</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which auditory ossicles are derived from the first pharyngeal arch?

    <p>Malleus and incus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The second pharyngeal arch gives rise to which auditory ossicle?

    <p>Stapes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in ear development is formed from the mesenchyme of the first and second pharyngeal arches?

    <p>Auditory ossicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the auditory tube (Eustachian tube)?

    <p>1st pharyngeal pouch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the primitive meatal plug in ear development?

    <p>It extends to form the external auditory meatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure develops from the otic vesicle in ear development?

    <p>Cochlea and semicircular canals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The middle ear and pharyngotympanic tube develop from which structure?

    <p>Tubotympanic recess</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms the outer layer of the tympanic membrane?

    <p>Ectoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms the middle layer of the tympanic membrane?

    <p>Mesenchyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The otic vesicle gives rise to which of the following structures?

    <p>Membranous labyrinth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pars superior of the otic vesicle develops into which of the following?

    <p>Utricle and semicircular canals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pars inferior of the otic vesicle develops into which structure?

    <p>Cochlear duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Congenital deafness may result from which of the following?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following may affect inner ear development, leading to congenital hearing issues?

    <p>Congenital rubella</p> Signup and view all the answers

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