Pharyngeal Arches Development Quiz

<p>An epithelial layer derived from ectoderm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>From endothelial progenitors of the second heart field (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pharyngeal arches, pouches, grooves, and membranes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fourth week (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maxilla and vomer bone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Second and third arches (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Orofacial defects (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Four pairs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mesenchymal tissue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primordial mouth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Malleus and incus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Support in mandible growth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>First arch (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sixth arch (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Perichondrium of the first arch cartilage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It enlarges and overgrows the third and fourth arches (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Second arch (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Third arch (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is rudimentary with no derivatives (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trigeminal nerve (CN V) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>First pharyngeal pouch (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Facial nerve (CN VII), Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), and Vagus nerve (CN X) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mastication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dermis and mucous membranes of the head and neck (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Superior laryngeal branch of CN X and recurrent laryngeal branch of CN X (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Four pairs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pharyngeal pouches (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Palatine tonsil (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Seventh month of gestation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Third pharyngeal pouch (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>First cleft (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formation of the upper jaw and lip (A), Separation of the nasal pits from the stomodeum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DiGeorge syndrome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frontonasal prominence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>First pharyngeal arch syndrome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Failure of the second groove to obliterate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atresia of the nasolacrimal duct (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cervical fistula (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insufficient mesenchyme in prominences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Forward-facing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Structures that develop early in the fourth week of embryonic development, contributing to the formation of the face and neck.

Outward folds or ridges along the sides of the developing pharynx.

The first pair of pharyngeal arches, which develop into the jaws.

Grooves or indentations that separate the pharyngeal arches, numbered craniocaudally (from head to tail).

A membrane that initially separates the primitive mouth (stomodeum) from the primitive pharynx.

The process of the oropharyngeal membrane breaking, connecting the pharynx and foregut to the amniotic cavity.

The primitive mouth, located on the surface ectoderm, separated from the pharynx by the oropharyngeal membrane.

Derived from the cranial portion of the foregut, it forms the pharyngeal cavity, supporting the pharyngeal arches.

A type of early embryonic connective tissue that gives rise to various cell types, including cartilage, bone, and blood.

Specialized cells derived from the neural crest, which migrate to the pharyngeal arches and differentiate into various tissues, including connective tissue and bones.

A core of muscle tissue that develops within each pharyngeal arch, contributing to the muscles of the head and neck.

The layer of cells lining the hollow tube of the pharynx, which plays a crucial role in guiding the development of the pharyngeal arches.

Cartilages that develop in the pharyngeal arches, contributing to the formation of various structures in the head and neck.

The first pharyngeal arch cartilage, involved in ear development and forming the malleus and incus bones.

The second pharyngeal arch cartilage, contributing to the stapes bone, styloid process, and hyoid bone.

The process of the second arch cartilage developing over the third and fourth arches, creating a temporary depression in the neck.

The ventral part of the first arch cartilage that forms the base of the mandible.

The process of the mandible developing around the first arch cartilage and replacing it with bone.

The muscles derived from the pharyngeal arches, responsible for functions like mastication, facial expressions, and swallowing.

The nerves that supply each pharyngeal arch, playing a crucial role in sensory and motor functions of the head and neck.

A protrusion on the floor of the embryonic pharynx, contributing to the formation of the hyoid bone and epiglottis.

The cartilages that form the larynx, except for the epiglottis, which originates from the hypopharyngeal eminence.

The special visceral efferent (branchial) components of cranial nerves supply muscles derived from the pharyngeal arches. These nerves also innervate the dermis and mucous membranes of the head and neck because mesenchyme from the arches contributes to these areas.

CN V (trigeminal nerve) is the main sensory nerve of the head and neck. It also controls the muscles of chewing (mastication). Its sensory branches innervate the face, teeth, and mucous membranes of the nasal cavities, palate, and tongue.

The facial nerve (CN VII), glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), and vagus nerve (CN X) supply the second, third, and fourth to sixth pharyngeal arches, respectively.

The fourth pharyngeal arch is innervated by the superior laryngeal branch and the recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve (CN X).

The nerves of the second to sixth pharyngeal arches primarily innervate the mucous membranes of the tongue, pharynx, and larynx, having limited innervation of the skin.

The pharyngeal pouches are outpocketings of the endoderm that form between the pharyngeal arches. They are numbered craniocaudally (from head to tail) and contact the ectoderm of the pharyngeal grooves.

The endodermal epithelial lining of the pharyngeal pouches contributes to the formation of important head and neck structures. For example, the first pharyngeal pouch forms the tubotympanic recess, which contributes to the tympanic membrane (eardrum) and the tympanic cavity.

The cavity of the tubotympanic recess develops into the tympanic cavity and mastoid antrum. This recess contributes to the formation of the tympanic membrane together with the first pharyngeal groove.

The connection between the tubotympanic recess and the pharynx elongates to form the pharyngotympanic tube, also known as the auditory tube.

The second pharyngeal pouch, largely obliterated as the palatine tonsil develops, retains a small part called the tonsillar sinus. This sinus is a depression between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches.

The endoderm of the second pharyngeal pouch proliferates and invades the underlying mesenchyme, forming buds.

The central part of the buds formed from the second pharyngeal pouch breaks down, creating tonsillar crypts.

The endoderm of the second pharyngeal pouch forms the surface epithelium and lining of the tonsillar crypts.

Around 20 weeks, the mesenchyme surrounding the tonsillar crypts differentiates into lymphoid tissue, forming lymphatic nodules of the palatine tonsil.

The third pharyngeal pouch expands to form a solid dorsal, bulbar portion and a hollow, elongated ventral part.

The third pharyngeal pouch's connection to the pharynx narrows down to a duct, which eventually degenerates.

The epithelium of the dorsal bulbar part of the third pharyngeal pouch differentiates into the inferior parathyroid gland around the sixth week.

The epithelial cells of the elongated ventral parts of the third pharyngeal pouch multiply, obliterating the cavity.

The ventral parts of the third pharyngeal pouch come together in the middle to form the thymus.

The developing thymus and inferior parathyroid glands lose their connection to the pharynx as the brain and associated structures grow upwards.

During development, the parathyroid glands separate from the thymus and end up on the dorsal surface of the thyroid gland.

The fourth pharyngeal pouch also expands into a dorsal bulbar part and an elongated ventral part, losing its connection to the pharynx.

The dorsal bulbar part of the fourth pharyngeal pouch develops into the superior parathyroid gland, positioned on the dorsal surface of the thyroid gland.