Pharyngeal Arches and Pouches Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What does the downward growth of pharyngeal arch 2 contribute to?

Formation of cranium

Migration of thyroid gland

Development of neck contour (correct)

Formation of maxillary prominence

What does pharyngeal arch 1 consist of?

Maxillary prominence and mandibular prominence (correct)

Ultimobranchial bodies and pharyngeal pouch 4

Superior parathyroid and inferior parathyroid

Thyroid gland and thymus

Which pharyngeal pouch is responsible for the inferior parathyroid tissue?

Pouch 2

Pouch 1

Pouch 3 (correct)

Pouch 4

Which structures are indicated to migrate downward according to the schematic diagrams?

Inferior parathyroid and thymus Signup and view all the answers

Which pharyngeal abnormality is indicated to regress in the diagrams?

Pouch 5 Signup and view all the answers

What genetic abnormality is associated with DiGeorge syndrome?

Microdeletion of chromosome 22q11.2 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a result of DiGeorge syndrome?

Facial anomalies resembling first arch syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What condition results from an abnormal extension of the frenulum of the tongue?

Ankyloglossia Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of failing to differentiate the pharyngeal pouches 3 and 4?

Immunodeficiency and hypocalcemia Signup and view all the answers

Which developmental issue is primarily associated with abnormal neural crest cell migration during the formation of the heart structures?

Cardiovascular anomalies Signup and view all the answers

What structures primarily contribute to the formation of the oral part of the tongue?

Median tongue bud and two distal tongue buds Signup and view all the answers

Which type of papillae on the tongue does not contain taste buds?

Filiform papillae Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve is responsible for carrying general sensation from the mucosa of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue?

Trigeminal nerve (CN V) Signup and view all the answers

Where do the cell bodies of the special visceral afferent (SVA) neurons that convey taste sensation from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue reside?

Geniculate ganglion Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve branch conveys taste sensation from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue to the CNS?

Chorda tympani Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve is associated with the first pharyngeal arch?

CN V Signup and view all the answers

What muscle is derived from the second pharyngeal arch?

Stapedius Signup and view all the answers

Which adult derivative develops from the third pharyngeal arch?

Common carotid arteries Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is associated with the fourth pharyngeal arch?

Intrinsic muscles of larynx Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a derivative of the first pharyngeal arch?

Lesser horn of hyoid Signup and view all the answers

From which pharyngeal pouch does the thymus develop?

Third pouch Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve is related to the muscles of facial expression?

CN VII Signup and view all the answers

The epithelial lining of the external auditory meatus is derived from which pharyngeal groove?

First groove Signup and view all the answers

The tympanic membrane is a derivative of which embryological structure?

First groove Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following glands develops from the fourth pharyngeal pouch?

Superior parathyroid gland Signup and view all the answers

Where may a pharyngeal fistula typically open to the outside of the body?

Near the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of a pharyngeal cyst?

Persistence of pharyngeal grooves 2, 3, and 4 Signup and view all the answers

Where is a thyroglossal duct cyst most commonly located?

In the midline near the hyoid bone Signup and view all the answers

What does ectopic tissue refer to in this context?

Tissue found in areas outside its normal location Signup and view all the answers

What does a pertechnetate scan localize?

The position of ectopic thyroid tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for a lingual cyst?

Cyst located at the base of the tongue Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the appearance of a pharyngeal cyst?

Fluid-filled cavity Signup and view all the answers

What congenital anomaly is associated with the formation of thyroglossal duct cysts?

Persistence of the thyroglossal duct Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Pharyngeal Arches, Pouches, Grooves, and Membranes

Pharyngeal arch 1 develops into the muscles of mastication, parts of the skull, and Meckel's cartilage.
Pharyngeal arch 2 develops into the muscles of facial expression, parts of the skull, and Reichert's cartilage.
Pharyngeal arch 3 develops into the stylopharyngeus muscle, common carotid arteries, and internal carotid arteries.
Pharyngeal arch 4 develops into muscles of the soft palate, pharynx, and larynx, as well as the right subclavian artery and arch of aorta.
Pharyngeal arch 6 develops into intrinsic muscles of the larynx, upper muscles of the esophagus, and pulmonary arteries.
Pharyngeal pouch 1 develops into the epithelial lining of the auditory tube and middle ear cavity.
Pharyngeal pouch 2 develops into the epithelial lining of the palatine tonsil crypts.
Pharyngeal pouch 3 develops into the inferior parathyroid gland and thymus.
Pharyngeal pouch 4 develops into the superior parathyroid gland and ultimobranchial body.

Tongue Development

The anterior two-thirds of the tongue develops from the median tongue bud and two distal tongue buds.
The distal tongue buds fuse in the midline, forming the median sulcus.
The anterior two-thirds of the tongue contains different types of papillae, including filiform, fungiform, foliate, and circumvallate.
General sensation from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue is carried by the lingual branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V).
Taste sensation from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue is carried by the chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve (CN VII).

Pharyngeal Fistula

A pharyngeal fistula is a rare congenital defect that occurs when parts of the pharyngeal grooves fail to obliterate.
It usually begins near the tonsils and travels through the neck, opening to the outside near the sternocleidomastoid muscle.

Pharyngeal Cyst

A pharyngeal cyst occurs when parts of the pharyngeal grooves 2, 3, and 4 persist, forming a cyst.
It is generally found near the angle of the mandible.

Ectopic Thymus, Parathyroid, or Thyroid Tissue

Ectopic tissue occurs when these glands fail to migrate properly from their embryonic position to their adult location.
Ectopic tissue can be found anywhere along their migratory path.

Thyroglossal Duct Cyst

A thyroglossal duct cyst occurs when parts of the thyroglossal duct persist and form a cyst.
It is most commonly located in the midline near the hyoid bone, but it may also be located at the base of the tongue, where it is called a lingual cyst.

Unilateral Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate

This occurs due to the failure of the maxillary and medial nasal processes to fuse properly.
It is characterized by an opening in the lip and/or palate.

DiGeorge Syndrome

DiGeorge syndrome is caused by a microdeletion in chromosome 22q11.2.
It results in the failure of pharyngeal pouches 3 and 4 to differentiate into the thymus and parathyroid glands.
DiGeorge syndrome is often accompanied by facial anomalies, cardiovascular anomalies, immunodeficiency, and hypocalcemia.

Ankyloglossia

Ankyloglossia, or "tongue-tie," occurs when the frenulum of the tongue extends to the tip of the tongue, preventing protrusion.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the development of pharyngeal arches, pouches, grooves, and membranes. This quiz covers the key functions and derivatives of each arch and pouch, including their contributions to muscles, arteries, and glands. Perfect for students studying human anatomy and embryology.