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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of the elutriation process in pharmaceutical applications?
Which of the following is a drawback of the elutriation process?
What determines the settling or suspension of particles in the elutriation process?
What is the purpose of stirring in the elutriation process?
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Which of the following is NOT a pharmaceutical application of elutriation?
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What is the advantage of elutriation over sedimentation?
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What happens to the heavy and light Kaolin particles during elutriation?
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What is the purpose of the outlet at the base of the elutriation apparatus?
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What is the primary objective of ignition or incineration in a laboratory setting?
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What is the role of oxygen in the principle of ignition?
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What is the purpose of using a temperature-controlled furnace in the ignition process?
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What is the significance of particle size in the ignition process?
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What is the purpose of cooling the crucible in a controlled atmosphere after ignition?
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What is the pharmaceutical application of the ignition process?
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What is the term used to describe the inorganic residue left behind after ignition?
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What is the common source of heat used to initiate the ignition process?
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What is the main purpose of elutriation?
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In elutriation, which particles move upward?
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What is the force responsible for the movement of particles in gravitational elutriation?
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What is the type of elutriation in which the fluid stream rotates under high centrifugal force?
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What is the size range of particles that can be separated using elutriation?
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What can be measured using the elutriation process?
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What happens to the larger particles in centrifugal elutriation?
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What is the underlying principle of elutriation?
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Study Notes
Elutriation
- Elutriation is a process that separates particles based on their size, shape, and density using a stream of gas or liquid.
- It is mainly used for particles smaller than 1 μm.
- The principle of elutriation is based on the low density of fine particles and high density of coarse particles.
- Small size particles move upward, while large size particles move downward.
- Elutriation can be used to measure particle size.
Types of Elutriation
- Gravitational Elutriation: fluid particles move downwards due to sedimentation, while lighter particles remain upward.
- Centrifugal Elutriation: the fluid stream rotates under high centrifugal force, separating particles based on their size and density.
Apparatus and Procedure
- The apparatus consists of a vertical column with an inlet for suspension, an outlet for coarse particles, and an overflow for fluid and fine particles.
- The procedure involves mixing the dry powder or paste with water, stirring, and allowing it to settle down. The sample is then withdrawn at different heights through the outlets.
Factors Affecting Elutriation
- Velocity of fluid
- Particle size
- Position of particle
- Density of particles
Applications of Elutriation
- Chalk is produced from native CaCO3 by elutriation.
- Kaolin is prepared for pharmaceutical purposes by elutriation.
- Calamine can be produced by elutriation from native Zinc Carbonate.
- Separation is quick as compared to sedimentation.
- Useful for separation of insoluble solids.
- Heavy and light Kaolin can be separated by this process.
Ignition
- Ignition or incineration is a heating process that involves strong heating of an organic substance until it is completely burnt out.
- The principle of ignition involves the combination of three essential elements: fuel, oxygen, and heat.
- Laboratory scale ignition takes place in silica or platinum crucibles.
Explanation of Ignition
- Ignition involves placing a few grams of organic substance in a pre-ignited crucible, determining its mass, and then heating it in a temperature-controlled furnace.
- The substance is cooled in a controlled atmosphere and its weight is re-determined.
Factors Affecting Ignition
- Temperature
- Time
- Concentration
- Oxygen supply
- Particle size
Applications of Ignition
- Purity of organic compounds: ignition process is used as a standardized test to evaluate the quality and purity of organic compounds.
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Description
This quiz covers the principles and concepts of elutriation and ignition in physical pharmacy, presented by Group 3 to Mam Faiza Tabassum.