24 Questions
What is the primary purpose of the elutriation process in pharmaceutical applications?
To separate insoluble solids
Which of the following is a drawback of the elutriation process?
Suspension of solid particles may be diluted
What determines the settling or suspension of particles in the elutriation process?
All of the above
What is the purpose of stirring in the elutriation process?
To uniformly distribute solid particles in the moving liquid
Which of the following is NOT a pharmaceutical application of elutriation?
Production of soluble solids
What is the advantage of elutriation over sedimentation?
It is a quicker process
What happens to the heavy and light Kaolin particles during elutriation?
Heavy Kaolin moves downward, light Kaolin moves upward
What is the purpose of the outlet at the base of the elutriation apparatus?
To collect coarse particles
What is the primary objective of ignition or incineration in a laboratory setting?
To completely burn out the organic substance and leave behind inorganic residue
What is the role of oxygen in the principle of ignition?
To combine with the fuel and heat to produce a chemical reaction
What is the purpose of using a temperature-controlled furnace in the ignition process?
To ensure complete combustion of the organic substance
What is the significance of particle size in the ignition process?
It affects the rate of combustion
What is the purpose of cooling the crucible in a controlled atmosphere after ignition?
To prevent the uptake of moisture and carbon dioxide
What is the pharmaceutical application of the ignition process?
To evaluate the quality and purity of organic compounds
What is the term used to describe the inorganic residue left behind after ignition?
Ashes
What is the common source of heat used to initiate the ignition process?
Electric furnace
What is the main purpose of elutriation?
To separate particles based on their size, shape and density
In elutriation, which particles move upward?
Small size particles
What is the force responsible for the movement of particles in gravitational elutriation?
Force of gravity
What is the type of elutriation in which the fluid stream rotates under high centrifugal force?
Centrifugal Elutriation
What is the size range of particles that can be separated using elutriation?
Smaller than 1 μm
What can be measured using the elutriation process?
Particle size
What happens to the larger particles in centrifugal elutriation?
They separate out on the wall of the elutriator
What is the underlying principle of elutriation?
Separation based on particle size and shape
Study Notes
Elutriation
- Elutriation is a process that separates particles based on their size, shape, and density using a stream of gas or liquid.
- It is mainly used for particles smaller than 1 μm.
- The principle of elutriation is based on the low density of fine particles and high density of coarse particles.
- Small size particles move upward, while large size particles move downward.
- Elutriation can be used to measure particle size.
Types of Elutriation
- Gravitational Elutriation: fluid particles move downwards due to sedimentation, while lighter particles remain upward.
- Centrifugal Elutriation: the fluid stream rotates under high centrifugal force, separating particles based on their size and density.
Apparatus and Procedure
- The apparatus consists of a vertical column with an inlet for suspension, an outlet for coarse particles, and an overflow for fluid and fine particles.
- The procedure involves mixing the dry powder or paste with water, stirring, and allowing it to settle down. The sample is then withdrawn at different heights through the outlets.
Factors Affecting Elutriation
- Velocity of fluid
- Particle size
- Position of particle
- Density of particles
Applications of Elutriation
- Chalk is produced from native CaCO3 by elutriation.
- Kaolin is prepared for pharmaceutical purposes by elutriation.
- Calamine can be produced by elutriation from native Zinc Carbonate.
- Separation is quick as compared to sedimentation.
- Useful for separation of insoluble solids.
- Heavy and light Kaolin can be separated by this process.
Ignition
- Ignition or incineration is a heating process that involves strong heating of an organic substance until it is completely burnt out.
- The principle of ignition involves the combination of three essential elements: fuel, oxygen, and heat.
- Laboratory scale ignition takes place in silica or platinum crucibles.
Explanation of Ignition
- Ignition involves placing a few grams of organic substance in a pre-ignited crucible, determining its mass, and then heating it in a temperature-controlled furnace.
- The substance is cooled in a controlled atmosphere and its weight is re-determined.
Factors Affecting Ignition
- Temperature
- Time
- Concentration
- Oxygen supply
- Particle size
Applications of Ignition
- Purity of organic compounds: ignition process is used as a standardized test to evaluate the quality and purity of organic compounds.
This quiz covers the principles and concepts of elutriation and ignition in physical pharmacy, presented by Group 3 to Mam Faiza Tabassum.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
