PharmD Physical Pharmacy: Elutriation and Ignition
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of the elutriation process in pharmaceutical applications?

  • To produce native CaCO3
  • To separate insoluble solids (correct)
  • To mix dry powder with a large quantity of water
  • To separate soluble solids

    • Which of the following is a drawback of the elutriation process?

  • It is only used for producing native CaCO3
  • It is a quick separation process
  • It is useful for separation of insoluble solids
  • Suspension of solid particles may be diluted (correct)

    • What determines the settling or suspension of particles in the elutriation process?

  • Velocity of fluid
  • Particle size and density
  • Position of particle in the tank
  • All of the above (correct)

    • What is the purpose of stirring in the elutriation process?

    <p>To uniformly distribute solid particles in the moving liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a pharmaceutical application of elutriation?

    <p>Production of soluble solids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of elutriation over sedimentation?

    <p>It is a quicker process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the heavy and light Kaolin particles during elutriation?

    <p>Heavy Kaolin moves downward, light Kaolin moves upward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the outlet at the base of the elutriation apparatus?

    <p>To collect coarse particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of ignition or incineration in a laboratory setting?

    <p>To completely burn out the organic substance and leave behind inorganic residue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of oxygen in the principle of ignition?

    <p>To combine with the fuel and heat to produce a chemical reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using a temperature-controlled furnace in the ignition process?

    <p>To ensure complete combustion of the organic substance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of particle size in the ignition process?

    <p>It affects the rate of combustion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of cooling the crucible in a controlled atmosphere after ignition?

    <p>To prevent the uptake of moisture and carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pharmaceutical application of the ignition process?

    <p>To evaluate the quality and purity of organic compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the inorganic residue left behind after ignition?

    <p>Ashes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common source of heat used to initiate the ignition process?

    <p>Electric furnace</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of elutriation?

    <p>To separate particles based on their size, shape and density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In elutriation, which particles move upward?

    <p>Small size particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the force responsible for the movement of particles in gravitational elutriation?

    <p>Force of gravity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of elutriation in which the fluid stream rotates under high centrifugal force?

    <p>Centrifugal Elutriation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the size range of particles that can be separated using elutriation?

    <p>Smaller than 1 μm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be measured using the elutriation process?

    <p>Particle size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the larger particles in centrifugal elutriation?

    <p>They separate out on the wall of the elutriator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the underlying principle of elutriation?

    <p>Separation based on particle size and shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Elutriation

    • Elutriation is a process that separates particles based on their size, shape, and density using a stream of gas or liquid.
    • It is mainly used for particles smaller than 1 μm.
    • The principle of elutriation is based on the low density of fine particles and high density of coarse particles.
    • Small size particles move upward, while large size particles move downward.
    • Elutriation can be used to measure particle size.

    Types of Elutriation

    • Gravitational Elutriation: fluid particles move downwards due to sedimentation, while lighter particles remain upward.
    • Centrifugal Elutriation: the fluid stream rotates under high centrifugal force, separating particles based on their size and density.

    Apparatus and Procedure

    • The apparatus consists of a vertical column with an inlet for suspension, an outlet for coarse particles, and an overflow for fluid and fine particles.
    • The procedure involves mixing the dry powder or paste with water, stirring, and allowing it to settle down. The sample is then withdrawn at different heights through the outlets.

    Factors Affecting Elutriation

    • Velocity of fluid
    • Particle size
    • Position of particle
    • Density of particles

    Applications of Elutriation

    • Chalk is produced from native CaCO3 by elutriation.
    • Kaolin is prepared for pharmaceutical purposes by elutriation.
    • Calamine can be produced by elutriation from native Zinc Carbonate.
    • Separation is quick as compared to sedimentation.
    • Useful for separation of insoluble solids.
    • Heavy and light Kaolin can be separated by this process.

    Ignition

    • Ignition or incineration is a heating process that involves strong heating of an organic substance until it is completely burnt out.
    • The principle of ignition involves the combination of three essential elements: fuel, oxygen, and heat.
    • Laboratory scale ignition takes place in silica or platinum crucibles.

    Explanation of Ignition

    • Ignition involves placing a few grams of organic substance in a pre-ignited crucible, determining its mass, and then heating it in a temperature-controlled furnace.
    • The substance is cooled in a controlled atmosphere and its weight is re-determined.

    Factors Affecting Ignition

    • Temperature
    • Time
    • Concentration
    • Oxygen supply
    • Particle size

    Applications of Ignition

    • Purity of organic compounds: ignition process is used as a standardized test to evaluate the quality and purity of organic compounds.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the principles and concepts of elutriation and ignition in physical pharmacy, presented by Group 3 to Mam Faiza Tabassum.

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