Stability of Medicines
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Questions and Answers

What is a potential physicochemical effect that can impact the solubility of drugs like diazepam?

  • Leaching of phthalates
  • Solvent composition in drug formulations (correct)
  • Addition of chelating agents
  • Exclusion of oxygen during packaging

How can the stability of basic drugs be enhanced according to the text?

  • Adding antioxidants like ascorbic acid
  • Increasing exposure to light transmission
  • Diluting the drug to a certain ratio (correct)
  • Mixing with a higher concentration of propylene glycol

What type of drug formulation issue arises when preparing a diazepam injection with specific solvent compositions?

  • Precipitation depending on concentration (correct)
  • Migration of phthalates
  • Leaching of inorganic radicals
  • Formation of crystalline forms

What is a common method mentioned in the text for minimizing oxidation in pharmaceutical products?

<p>Using water-soluble sacrificial agents (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What area of pre-formulation is often overlooked, as mentioned in the text?

<p>Drug-excipent interaction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be used to remove metal ions from pharmaceutical products?

<p>Chelating agents like EDTA and citric acid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can the stability of basic drugs be increased in acidic conditions according to the text?

<p>Diluting the drug to a certain ratio (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in medicines?

<p>To improve the physical stability of the medicine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does oxidation impact fatty acids?

<p>It forms hydroperoxides and ketones/aldehydes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of the oxidation of adrenaline?

<p>Formation of Adrenochrome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is captopril available only as a solid dosage form?

<p>To ensure a proportion of the tablet is required for therapeutic effect (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do short shelf lives of extemporaneous aqueous preparations imply?

<p>Reduced microbial stability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does understanding medicine stability help in patient treatment?

<p>By maintaining therapeutic efficacy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of drug degradation has been the focus in the provided content?

<p>Physical aspects (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor can lead to the loss of protection against microbiological spoilage?

<p>Hydrolysis of antimicrobial agent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor may lead to a change in bioavailability of medicines?

<p>Loss of active through evaporation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic does polymorphic form I have?

<p>Lowest dissolution rate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medicine may convert to an amorphous form with higher dissolution rate under mechanical stress?

<p>Digoxin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of large particles in suspensions according to Stoke's Law?

<p>They settle too quickly (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of emulsion is thermodynamically unstable?

<p>Water in oil (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Creaming' is most likely to occur in which type of emulsion?

<p>Oil in water emulsions with high viscosity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'stability' refer to in the context of medicines?

<p>The ability to maintain original characteristics during manufacture, transport, storage, and use (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a role of a pharmacist in relation to stability of medicines?

<p>Ensuring long-term stability by using crystalline forms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'bioavailability changes' refer to in the context of medicines?

<p>Changes in the availability of the active ingredient for absorption into the body (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is NOT included in a pharmacist's role in maintenance of stability?

<p>Medicine preparation through crystalline forms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are pharmacists required to understand regarding the clinical implications of loss of stability?

<p>Comprehension of clinical implications of stability loss (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the design of stable medicines contribute to their long-term effectiveness?

<p>By enhancing stability through suitable storage methods (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is essential for assessing the long-term stability of medicines?

<p>Understanding causes of instability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Maintenance of stability' includes which important activity related to medicine use?

<p><strong>Medicine Compliance Aids</strong> (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'product stability' encompass as it relates to medicines?

<p>The ability to maintain original characteristics throughout all stages, from manufacture to use. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the implications of drug degradation that pharmacists should understand?

<p>Therapeutic effect, side effects, interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the importance of understanding the physical stability of medicines.

<p>To prevent issues like creaming in emulsions</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does oxidation impact fatty acids?

<p>Forms hydroperoxides, ketones, and/or aldehydes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of captopril in pharmaceutical use?

<p>ACE inhibitor for hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are extemporaneous aqueous preparations known for short shelf lives?

<p>They degrade quickly</p> Signup and view all the answers

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