Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which route of administration is associated with the shortest onset of action?
Which route of administration is associated with the shortest onset of action?
Which opioid is commonly used via the transdermal route?
Which opioid is commonly used via the transdermal route?
What is a potential disadvantage of transdermal opioid administration?
What is a potential disadvantage of transdermal opioid administration?
Which opioid is commonly used via the intramuscular route?
Which opioid is commonly used via the intramuscular route?
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What is a potential complication of rectal opioid administration?
What is a potential complication of rectal opioid administration?
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What is a potential long-term psychological consequence of opioid use on a person's emotional state?
What is a potential long-term psychological consequence of opioid use on a person's emotional state?
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Which of the following is a potential social consequence of long-term opioid use?
Which of the following is a potential social consequence of long-term opioid use?
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What is a potential cognitive impairment associated with long-term opioid use?
What is a potential cognitive impairment associated with long-term opioid use?
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Which of the following is a potential consequence of prioritizing drug-seeking behavior over interpersonal relationships?
Which of the following is a potential consequence of prioritizing drug-seeking behavior over interpersonal relationships?
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What is a potential co-occurring disorder associated with long-term opioid use?
What is a potential co-occurring disorder associated with long-term opioid use?
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Study Notes
Routes of Administration
- Oral administration: convenient, but has a slow and irregular effect, taking 30-60 minutes for the effect to be seen (e.g. Pentazocine).
Inhalation
- Fast-acting, with an effect seen in 8 seconds (e.g. Ether).
- However, it can cause lung damage (Yadav, 2012, pp. 78-85).
Intravenous Injection
- Fast-acting, with an effect seen in 15 seconds (e.g. Fentanyl).
- Risks include overdose and infections.
Epidural Administration
- Convenient, with an effect seen in 10-20 minutes (e.g. Meperidine).
- Injects medication into the epidural space around the spinal nerves, but can cause nerve damage and be painful.
Subcutaneous Injection
- Safer and easier than intravenous injection, with an effect seen in 5-10 minutes (e.g. Heroin).
- Risks include infection.
Intramuscular Injection
- Controlled, with an effect seen in 10-15 minutes (e.g. Morphine).
- Can be painful.
Transdermal Administration
- Convenient, with an effect seen in 15-20 minutes (e.g. Buprenorphine).
- Limited application, with potential for misuse.
Rectal Administration
- Convenient and easy, with an effect seen in 15-30 minutes (e.g. Hydromorphone).
- Risks include irritation, ulceration, or infection.
Psychological Risks of Opioid Long-term Use
- Mental health disorders are a risk, including depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
- Cognitive impairment can occur, leading to impaired decision-making abilities, concentration, problem-solving, and slowed processing speed
Emotional and Social Consequences
- Emotional dysregulation can result in mood swings, irritability, and emotional instability
- Social and interpersonal problems can arise, including social withdrawal, isolation, and conflict due to mood disturbances
- Opioid use can lead to prioritization of drug-seeking behavior over interpersonal relations and connections
Psychological Distress and Co-occurring Disorders
- Psychological distress can manifest as feelings of guilt, shame, self-blame, and increased risk of suicide
- Co-occurring substance use disorders are also a risk, including disorders related to alcohol and other substances
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Description
Identify the different methods of drug administration, their advantages, and disadvantages. This quiz covers the time needed for drugs to take effect and examples of each route.
