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Questions and Answers
Which factor primarily determines the rate at which a drug will cross biological membranes through passive diffusion?
Which factor primarily determines the rate at which a drug will cross biological membranes through passive diffusion?
- Type of biological membrane
- Concentration of the drug solution (correct)
- Molecular weight of the drug
- Presence of ion channels in the membrane
How do liquid dosage forms generally compare to solid dosage forms in terms of absorption?
How do liquid dosage forms generally compare to solid dosage forms in terms of absorption?
- Liquid forms are always absorbed slower than solids.
- Solid forms are preferred due to slower absorption.
- Liquid forms are absorbed more quickly than solids. (correct)
- Both forms have equal absorption rates.
What is the correct hierarchy of drug routes of administration regarding absorption speed?
What is the correct hierarchy of drug routes of administration regarding absorption speed?
- IM > IV > Oral
- IV > IM > Oral (correct)
- Oral > IM > IV
- IV > Oral > IM
What effect does drug solubility have on absorption?
What effect does drug solubility have on absorption?
What distinguishes immediate or direct routes of administration from mediate or indirect routes?
What distinguishes immediate or direct routes of administration from mediate or indirect routes?
Which route of administration has the fastest onset of action?
Which route of administration has the fastest onset of action?
What factor predominantly enhances the absorption of oral medications?
What factor predominantly enhances the absorption of oral medications?
Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of parenteral administration?
Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of parenteral administration?
For which type of drug is topical administration most effective?
For which type of drug is topical administration most effective?
What is a characteristic of the sublingual route of administration?
What is a characteristic of the sublingual route of administration?
Which condition does NOT improve the absorption of orally administered drugs?
Which condition does NOT improve the absorption of orally administered drugs?
Which type of administration requires an immediate effect and is often used for cancer treatment?
Which type of administration requires an immediate effect and is often used for cancer treatment?
What primarily determines the systemic absorption of drugs applied topically?
What primarily determines the systemic absorption of drugs applied topically?
Which factor does NOT directly influence the absorption of a drug?
Which factor does NOT directly influence the absorption of a drug?
What is the primary mechanism by which most drugs are absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract?
What is the primary mechanism by which most drugs are absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract?
Which dosage form is most likely to undergo the liberation process?
Which dosage form is most likely to undergo the liberation process?
How does drug solubility affect absorption?
How does drug solubility affect absorption?
Which of the following routes of administration typically allows for the fastest absorption?
Which of the following routes of administration typically allows for the fastest absorption?
What is the role of pH in drug absorption?
What is the role of pH in drug absorption?
What characterizes a drug that exhibits first-pass metabolism?
What characterizes a drug that exhibits first-pass metabolism?
Which of the following factors primarily determines the rate of absorption for a given dosage form?
Which of the following factors primarily determines the rate of absorption for a given dosage form?
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Study Notes
Oral Administration
- Most drugs use this route
- Absorption is better when:
- Molecules are lipidic or non-ionized
- The stomach is empty
- The drug is acidic
- Small particle size
IV Parenteral Administration
- The IV route avoids the absorption process
- SC and IM routes place drugs closer to capillary vessels, and are faster than oral administration
- SC administration is slower than IM administration due to less vascularization
Parenteral Administration Disadvantages
- Requires sterilized instruments and qualified personnel
- Promotes local infection
- Adverse reactions are more intense and quicker compared to oral routes
Topical Administration
- Systemic absorption depends on drug lipophility
- Damaged skin allows easy entrance
- Can be a disadvantage when only topical effects are desired
- The passage into the bloodstream involves:
- Release of the drug
- Dissolution of the drug
- The drug must cross biological membranes
- Factors affecting absorption:
- Solubility
- Concentration
- Absorption surface area
- Blood flow at absorption site
- Administration route
Drug Concentration
- Concentrated solutions are absorbed more quickly than diluted solutions
- This is due to passive diffusion
Dosage Form
- Liquid forms are typically absorbed faster than solid forms
- Small particles are absorbed better
- Forms ranked from fastest to slowest absorption:
- Solution > Capsule > Tablet
Routes of Administration
- Choice depends on the type of treatment, drug characteristics, and patient condition
- IV administration provides the fastest absorption: IV > IM > Oral
Liberation
- The release of a drug from its formulation
- It ends with the drug dissolving, making it ready for absorption
- All dosage forms, except solutions, undergo this process
Absorption
- The substance entering the bloodstream from the administration site
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