Pharmacy Roles and Medical Terminology
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Questions and Answers

What was the primary role of pharmacists in hospital settings previously?

  • Monitoring patients' drug therapy
  • Identifying possible drug interactions
  • Dispensing medications to both in-patients and out-patients (correct)
  • Making ward rounds with physicians

    • What is the main purpose of understanding medical prefixes and suffixes for clinical pharmacists?

  • To communicate effectively with patients
  • To understand pharmacology and pharmaceutics
  • To read physicians' notes on patients' charts (correct)
  • To perform laboratory tests for diagnostic purposes

    • What does the prefix 'A-' or 'an-' mean?

  • Below or under
  • With or having
  • Lack of or without (correct)
  • Above or over

    • What does the prefix 'Dys-' mean?

    <p>Abnormal or painful</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the suffix '-ectomy' refer to?

    <p>The surgical removal of something</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a woman pregnant for the first time?

    <p>Primigravida</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of pharmacists in community settings?

    <p>Providing primary healthcare services and treating mild ailments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for clinical pharmacists to understand laboratory tests?

    <p>For diagnosing diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the medical term 'Biopsy' refer to?

    <p>A small sample of tissue excised from a patient for testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medical term for a test used to measure oxygen, carbon dioxide, and the pH of a patient's blood?

    <p>Blood gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the medical abbreviation 'EEG' stand for?

    <p>Electroencephalogram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medical term for a procedure that involves the insertion of an endotracheal tube to assist a patient's breathing?

    <p>Intubation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the medical term 'CAT scan' refer to?

    <p>Computerized Axial Tomography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medical term for a test used to identify a range of disorders or disease in urine?

    <p>Urinalysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the medical term 'MRI' stand for?

    <p>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medical term for the drawing of blood from a vein?

    <p>Venipuncture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the suffix '-itis' signify in a medical term?

    <p>Inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the prefix 'hemi-' mean in a medical term?

    <p>Half</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the prefix 'myo-' pertain to in a medical term?

    <p>Muscle or muscularity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the suffix '-pathy' signify in a medical term?

    <p>Suffering or disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'para' refer to in a medical term?

    <p>A woman who has produced one or more viable offspring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the abbreviation 'BMI' stand for?

    <p>Body Mass Index</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the abbreviation 'HbA1c' stand for?

    <p>Glycosylated Hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the abbreviation 'CPR' stand for?

    <p>Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the abbreviation 'a.c.' stand for in medical terms?

    <p>Before meals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medical term for 'twice a day'?

    <p>bid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the abbreviation for 'at bedtime'?

    <p>hs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medical term for 'four times a day'?

    <p>QDS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the abbreviation for 'Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug'?

    <p>NSAID</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medical term for 'once daily'?

    <p>OD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the abbreviation for 'three times a day'?

    <p>TDS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medical term for 'as needed'?

    <p>PRN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does LKS stand for?

    <p>Liver, Kidney, Spleen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does HBsAg stand for?

    <p>Hepatitis B surface Antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does PT stand for?

    <p>Pregnancy Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does GCS stand for?

    <p>General Condition Stable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does OPD stand for?

    <p>Out Patient Department</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does FOB stand for?

    <p>Faecal Occult Blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does ESR stand for?

    <p>Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does icu stand for?

    <p>Intensive Care Unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The Use of Medical Terms and Abbreviations

    • Pharmacists' roles have expanded to include making ward rounds with physicians, monitoring patients' drug therapy, and identifying possible drug interactions.
    • Clinical pharmacists must communicate effectively with other healthcare team members and understand pharmacology, pharmaceutics, and medical terminologies.

    Medical Prefixes and Suffixes

    • A-, an-: lack of or without (e.g., anovulatory, acynosed, afebrile, atony, aphasia)
    • Dys-: abnormal, difficult, or painful (e.g., dysmenorrhoea, dyslipidemia, dyspenea, dysuria, renal dysfunction)
    • ex-, e-: outside, away from (e.g., ectopic, ectoderm)
    • -ectomy: surgical removal of something (e.g., lumpectomy, appendectomy)
    • Gravid: referring to a pregnant woman, modified by the number of times she has been pregnant
    • Hemi-: half (e.g., hemiplegia, hemiachromatopsia)
    • hepat-, hepato: pertaining to the liver (e.g., hepatitis, hepatization, hepatemphraxsis, hepatomegaly)
    • -itis: signifies inflammation (e.g., tonsilitis, cystitis, bronchitis, otitis media)
    • -lysis: destruction or breaking down (e.g., hemolysis)
    • megaly: enlargement (e.g., hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, cardiomegaly)
    • myo-: pertaining to muscle or muscularity (e.g., myocarditis, myoma, myopathy)
    • -ology: study of a particular concentration
    • para: a woman who has produced one or more viable offspring
    • -pathy: suffering or disease (e.g., myopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy)
    • Poly-: many (e.g., polycystic ovarian syndrome, polypharmacy)
    • -plasty: surgical repair to restore or repair part of the body
    • Retro-: behind or backward (e.g., retroflexed)
    • rhea: excess discharge or excretion, to flow (e.g., diarrhea, blennorrhea, eukorrhea)
    • rhin-, rhino-: pertaining to the nose (e.g., rhinitis, rhinopasty)

    General Terminologies

    • x-Diagnosis: final opinion
    • Impression (Imp): initial opinion
    • Abscess: fluid-filled pocket that forms in tissue, usually due to bacterial infection
    • Acute: indicates a condition that begins suddenly and can be severe
    • BMI: Body Mass Index
    • Blood brain barrier (BBB): a barrier that separates the brain from the bloodstream
    • PCV: Pack Cell Volume
    • RTA: Road Traffic Accident
    • A&E: Accident & Emergency
    • CVA: Cardiovascular Accident
    • CPR: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
    • HbA1c: Glycosylated Hemoglobin
    • ECG: Electrocardiogram/Graphy
    • GXM: Grouping & Cross Matching
    • BP: Blood Pressure
    • Hx: History
    • LKS: Liver, Kidney, Spleen
    • HBsAg: Hepatitis B Surface Antigen
    • MP: Malaria Parasite
    • PT: Pregnancy Test
    • DOA: Dead on Arrival
    • SH: Social History
    • FH: Family History
    • UTI: Urinary Tract Infection
    • URTI: Upper Respiratory Tract Infection
    • GCS: General Condition Stable, Glasgow Coma Scale
    • VDRL: Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (Test for Syphilis)
    • SJS: Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
    • PI: Present Illness
    • PUD: Peptic Ulcer Disease
    • PID: Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
    • OPD: Out Patient Department
    • SOAPE: Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan and Education
    • O/E: On Examination
    • O/A: On Admission
    • OTC: Over the Counter drug
    • P.r.n: Whenever necessary, Pro re Nata
    • FOB: Faecal Occult Blood
    • FBG/S: Fasting Blood Glucose/Sugar
    • RBG/S: Random Blood Glucose/Sugar
    • SE/Cr/U: Serum Electrolyte Creatinine Urea
    • PSA: Prostate Specific Antigen
    • SGOT: Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase
    • SGPT: Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase
    • qid: four times a day; quarter in die
    • bid: twice a day; bis in die
    • tid: three times a day; ter in die

    Medical Procedures and Tests

    • Biopsy: a small sample of tissue excised from a patient for testing
    • Blood culture: a test used to find any unusual bacteria or fungi in a patient's blood
    • Blood gas: a test to measure oxygen, carbon dioxide, and the pH of a patient's blood
    • Blood pressure: the measure of how well the blood is circulating
    • CAT scan: Computerized Axial Tomography, a form of diagnostic imaging
    • Dialysis: a procedure to filter blood for patients with kidney failure
    • EEG: Electroencephalogram, a diagnostic tool that measures electrical activity in the brain
    • EKG/ECG: Electrocardiogram, a test that records the electrical signals in the heart
    • KUB: Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder X-ray, commonly used for diagnosing abdominal pain
    • LFT: Liver Function Test, used to measure how well the liver is functioning to identify potential disease
    • MRI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, a form of diagnostic imaging that uses a large magnet and radio waves to view inside of the body
    • Intubation: the insertion of an endotracheal tube to assist a patient's breathing
    • Pulse: the measure of a pulsating artery
    • Pulse/ox: Pulse Oximetry, a measure of oxygen saturation in the blood
    • Ultrasound (USS): a form of diagnostic imaging that uses high-frequency sound waves
    • U/A: Urinalysis, a urine test used to identify a range of disorders or disease
    • Venipuncture: the drawing of blood from a vein

    Abbreviations Relating to Medications

    • a.c.: before meals; related to the timing of administering medication
    • ASA: Acetylsalicylic Acid, commonly known as aspirin
    • ACEIs: Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
    • ARBs: Angiotensin Receptor Blocker
    • BDS: two times a day; bis die sumendum
    • bid: twice a day; bis in die
    • hs: at bedtime; Hora Somni
    • INH: Isoniazid
    • Mane: in the morning; typically used in reference to when medication should be administered
    • OD: Once daily
    • Nocte: at night; often in reference to when medication should be administered
    • NSAID: Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug
    • PO: orally; per orem
    • PR: per rectum
    • PRN: as needed; pro re nata
    • QDS: four times a day; quarter die sumendum
    • Rx: Shorthand for prescription
    • SP: Sulphadoxine+pyrimethamine
    • Stat: immediately; Statim
    • TDS: three times a day; ter die sumendum
    • tid: three times a day; ter in die

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    Explore the evolving roles of pharmacists in hospital and community settings, including medical terminology and abbreviations.

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