L13: Drug Administration Basics

Slightly acidic pH and a high level of proteinases can trigger this transformation.

Active targeting involves the nanocarriers specifically interacting with tumor cells to release the drug.

They use linkers that degrade in the presence of specific enzymes found only in tumor cells.

<p>Nandevices serve as links that facilitate both imaging for detection and targeted drug delivery for treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Drug release can be triggered by external stimuli such as light, heat, or magnetic fields.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>These nanocarriers undergo transformation upon encountering specific extracellular conditions found in tumors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have a greater need for targeted delivery due to their rapid elimination rates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It facilitates drug delivery to areas where conventional circulation methods may be insufficient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Knowledge of these processes allows for the design of drugs that can target specific cellular pathways and environments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High permeability can lead to rapid diffusion away from the site of action, reducing the drug's therapeutic effect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Improved accessibility is crucial due to the blood-brain barrier's restrictive nature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The need to understand tumor biology and its microenvironment significantly influences drug targeting strategies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Particles sized 0.1-7 µm are cleared by Kuppfer cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Negative and positive charged vesicles are rapidly cleared, while neutral vesicles remain longer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Opsonins coat the therapeutic particles, facilitating their recognition and phagocytosis by macrophages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Normal blood vessels have tight contacts (P/EC ratio ~ 1/1), while tumor blood vessels exhibit loose contacts (P/EC ratio 100 nm).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ratio of 18:7 (DSPC:cholesterol) is critical for stabilizing DaunoXome® and optimizing drug delivery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The challenge is to overcome the destruction of therapeutic drugs by phagolysosomes for effective treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Passive targeting refers to the ability of nanoparticles to accumulate in tumor sites due to leaky blood vessels and poor lymphatic drainage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The clinical dose is 40 mg/m² by infusion every two weeks over 60 minutes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The multifunctional capability of nanoparticles enables both active and passive targeting of therapeutic agents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The extended half-life of DaunoXome® suggests better circulation time and prolonged therapeutic effects compared to free Daunorubicin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A drug is the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) which is mostly a small molecular weight compound, while a medicine is composed of the API plus excipients that serve as carriers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The typical molecular weight range for small molecular weight drugs is approximately 300-600 Da.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excipients act as inert carriers or platforms for the API and do not have therapeutic effects themselves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An API is the part of a drug responsible for its therapeutic effect, generally being a small molecule, peptide, or oligonucleotide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peptides are fragments of proteins and can be larger and more complex than traditional small molecules, which are typically simpler organic compounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Molecular weight influences the drug's absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME), which are key factors in its efficacy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biotechnologically prepared ingredients like peptides or oligonucleotides may require specialized delivery systems due to their unique properties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The inert nature of excipients ensures they do not interfere with the therapeutic action of the API and maintain the stability and safety of the medicine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Local drug delivery targets a specific area, while systemic administration, like IV, distributes medication throughout the entire body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The chosen route of delivery affects the physical and chemical properties required of excipients to ensure efficacy and safety.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronopharmacology involves administering drugs at the optimal time corresponding to the disease state to enhance therapeutic outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Beclometasone dipropionate must reach the nucleus to exert its therapeutic effect, and oral administration may not achieve this.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Factors include patient's age, severity of condition, and whether it is a chronic or acute disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Balancing these effects ensures that the desired clinical response is achieved without causing harmful reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Getting from A to B' refers to the process of administering a drug and having it reach the target site in the body effectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Different formulations can alter absorption rates, distribution patterns, and therapeutic impact, affecting clinical outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers