Pharmacy - Histology of Respiratory System

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Questions and Answers

What is the principal function of the respiratory system?

Air filtration, gas exchange, and carbon dioxide storage

Air conduction, air filtration, and blood circulation

Air conduction, air filtration, and gas exchange (correct)

Air conduction, gas exchange, and oxygen storage

What is the function of the cartilaginous rings in the trachea?

They produce mucus to filter the air

They keep the lumen of the trachea open (correct)

They divide the trachea into two bronchi

They allow for expansion of the trachea during inhalation

What is the term for the smallest air spaces in the lungs?

Trachea

Bronchioles

Alveoli (correct)

Bronchi

What is the location of the main bronchi?

Within the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the nasal cavities?

To filter the air Signup and view all the answers

What is the organ that contains a cartilaginous framework?

Larynx Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the lumen of the trachea?

In the mediastinum Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the tubes that branch from the main bronchi?

Bronchioles Signup and view all the answers

What is the change observed in the bronchial wall where the cartilage rings are replaced?

By cartilage plates of irregular shape Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the smooth muscle layer in the bronchial wall?

To regulate the appropriate diameter of the airway Signup and view all the answers

How many bronchopulmonary segments are there in the right lung?

10 Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the mucosa in the bronchial wall?

Pseudostratified epithelium with the same cellular composition as the trachea Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the smooth muscle layer in smaller bronchi?

It becomes thinner and more discontinuous Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the cartilage layer in smaller bronchi?

It becomes thinner and more discontinuous Signup and view all the answers

What is the diameter of bronchioles?

Less than 1 mm Signup and view all the answers

How many bronchial branches does the right bronchus divide into?

3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the ciliated cells in the tracheal epithelium?

To provide a coordinated sweeping motion of the mucous coat toward the pharynx Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinct feature of the cartilaginous layer of the trachea?

It is composed of C-shaped hyaline cartilages Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate number of C-shaped hyaline cartilages in the trachea in humans?

16-20 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the mucous cells in the tracheal epithelium?

To produce mucinogen Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the right main bronchus compared to the left main bronchus?

It is wider and shorter Signup and view all the answers

What is the layer of the trachea that binds it to adjacent structures?

Adventitia Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the respiratory bronchioles?

Both air conduction and gas exchange Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the lamina propria in the mucosa layer of the trachea?

It is composed of elastic fiber-rich lamina propria Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of alveoli in the respiratory system?

To facilitate air conduction and gas exchange Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium is present in the larger diameter bronchioles?

Ciliated, pseudostratified columnar epithelium Signup and view all the answers

Which cell type is responsible for producing surfactant in the alveoli?

Type II alveolar cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of type II alveolar cells?

To produce surfactant and act as progenitor cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the epithelium in the terminal bronchioles?

Simple ciliated columnar epithelium Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the alveolar septum?

To contain blood capillaries and facilitate gas exchange Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of type I alveolar cells?

They are extremely thin squamous cells that cannot proliferate Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cartilage plates in the bronchioles?

There are no cartilage plates in the bronchioles Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Respiratory System

Consists of paired lungs and a series of air passages that lead to the lungs
Performs three principal functions: air conduction, air filtration, and gas exchange (respiration)
Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli

Conducting Portion

Includes nasal cavities, larynx, trachea, and paired main bronchi
Located outside and within the lungs
Trachea is a flexible air tube that extends from the larynx to the thorax and divides into paired main bronchi in the mediastinum
Paired main bronchi enter the root of the right or left lung
Within the lungs, the main bronchi undergo extensive branching to give rise to bronchioles

The Respiratory Portion

Includes respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli
Where gas exchange occurs

Tracheal Wall Structure

Composed of four definable layers:
- Mucosa: ciliated, pseudostratified epithelium and an elastic fiber-rich lamina propria
- Submucosa: slightly denser connective tissue than the lamina propria
- Cartilaginous layer: C-shaped hyaline cartilages that provide a supporting structure and prevent collapse of the tracheal lumen
- Adventitia: connective tissue that binds the trachea to adjacent structures

Tracheal Epithelium

Composed of ciliated columnar cells and mucous (goblet) cells
Ciliated cells are the most numerous and provide a coordinated sweeping motion of the mucous coat toward the pharynx
Mucous cells are interspersed among the ciliated cells and produce mucinogen

Bronchi and Bronchioles

Trachea divides into two main bronchi, which further divide into secondary bronchi
Right bronchus is wider and shorter than the left
Left lung is divided into two lobes, and the right lung is divided into three lobes
Each main bronchus divides into secondary bronchi, which then branch into smaller bronchi
Bronchioles are air-conducting ducts that measure 1 mm or less in diameter
Terminal bronchioles give rise to respiratory bronchioles

Respiratory Bronchioles and Alveoli

Respiratory bronchioles are involved in both air conduction and gas exchange
Alveolar ducts are elongated airways that have almost no walls, only alveoli
Alveoli are the terminal air spaces of the respiratory system and are the actual sites of gas exchange between air and blood
Each alveolus is surrounded and separated from one another by a thin connective tissue layer that contains blood capillaries (alveolar septum)
Alveolar epithelium is composed of type I and II alveolar cells
Type I alveolar cells are extremely thin, squamous cells that are not capable of cell division
Type II alveolar cells are cuboidal cells that are interspersed among the type I cells and are progenitor cells for type I alveolar cells

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Description

This quiz covers the anatomy and functions of the respiratory system, including the lungs and air passages, and their roles in air conduction, filtration, and gas exchange.