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Questions and Answers

What is a tablet in terms of drug forms?

A semi-solid dosage form used for topical application

A sterile solid dosage form inserted into the body

A powdered drug compressed into a hard small disc (correct)

A powdered drug dissolved in a liquid solution

What is the primary effect intended when a drug is prescribed?

Toxic effect

Therapeutic effect (correct)

Side effect

Adverse effect

What type of medication order is used for medication to be given once at a specified time?

Stat order

PRN order

Standing order

Single order (correct)

What is the preferred site for medication instillation in the eye?

Conjunctival sac Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a severe side effect?

Adverse effect Signup and view all the answers

Why should eardrops be administered at room temperature?

To prevent vertigo Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a medication order that may be carried out indefinitely until an order is written to cancel it?

Standing order Signup and view all the answers

What should be reviewed before instilling eye or ear medications?

Medication administration record and doctor's order Signup and view all the answers

Why should sterile drops and solutions be used in ear medication instillation?

In case the eardrum is ruptured Signup and view all the answers

What is the essential part of a drug order that specifies the route of administration?

Route of administration Signup and view all the answers

What should be assessed before instilling eye medications?

Condition of the eye Signup and view all the answers

What does the abbreviation 'aq' stand for?

Before meals water Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 'First Check' in safe medication administration?

To verify the client's name and room number Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided when instilling ear medications?

Forcing the solution into the ear Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'Right Route' in the 'Ten Rights' of Medication Administration?

Administering the medication through the correct route Signup and view all the answers

What does the abbreviation 'IM' stand for?

Intramuscular Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 'Third Check' in safe medication administration?

To recheck the label on the container Signup and view all the answers

What does the abbreviation 'mcg' stand for?

Microgram Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of checking the expiration date on the medication container?

To ensure the medication is not expired Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to prepare medications for instillation?

To allow the medication to reach room temperature Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of performing hand hygiene before instilling eye or ear medications?

To reduce the risk of infection Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of discussing the medication with the patient?

To inform the patient of potential adverse effects Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to check the MAR or computer printout with the medication labels and patient name?

To ensure the correct medication is administered Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to wipe clean from inner to outer canthus when instilling eye medications?

To reduce the risk of infection Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the process of instilling eye medications?

Perform hand hygiene Signup and view all the answers

Where should the cotton ball or clean tissue be placed when instilling eye medications?

On the patient’s cheekbone just below the lower eyelid Signup and view all the answers

What should the patient be asked to do while the medication is being instilled?

Look at the ceiling Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if the patient blinks or closes their eye during the instillation process?

Repeat the procedure Signup and view all the answers

How should the ointment be applied during the instillation process?

In a thin ribbon along the inner edge of the lower eyelid Signup and view all the answers

What should be done after instilling the medication?

Apply gentle pressure to the nasolacrimal duct Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Instilling Eye and Ear Medications

Remove gloves and perform hand hygiene before instilling eye medications.
Warn patients about potential temporary burning sensation from drops.
Instill eye medications by holding a cotton ball or clean tissue in the non-dominant hand on the patient's cheekbone, just below the lower eyelid, and gently pressing downward with the thumb or forefinger against the bony orbit, exposing the conjunctival sac.
Never press directly against the patient's eyeball.
Ask the patient to look at the ceiling and rest the dominant hand on the patient's forehead, holding the filled medication eyedropper approximately 1 to 2 cm above the conjunctival sac.
Drop the prescribed number of drops into the conjunctival sac.
If the patient blinks or closes their eye, causing the drops to land on the outer lid margins, repeat the procedure.
Apply gentle pressure to the patient's nasolacrimal duct with a clean tissue for 30 to 60 seconds over each eye, one at a time.

Drug Forms

Tablets: powdered drugs compressed into hard, small discs.
Foam
Aqueous solution
Ointment
Caplet
Capsule
Syrup
Suppository
Powder

Effects of Drugs

Therapeutic effect: the desired effect, or primary effect intended, that is the reason the drug is prescribed.
Side effect: secondary effect or unintended effect, which may be harmful or potentially harmful, and usually predictable.
Adverse effects: severe side effects.

Types of Medication Orders

Stat order: indicates that the medication should be given immediately and only once.
Single order: for medication to be given once at a specified time.
Standing order: may or may not have a termination date, and may be carried out indefinitely until an order is written to cancel, or it may be carried out for a specified number of days.
PRN order: or as-needed order.

Essential Parts of a Drug Order

Client's full name
Date and time the order is written
Name of the drug to be administered
Dose of the drug
Frequency of administration
Route of administration
Right Assessment
Right Evaluation

Common Abbreviations

ac: before meals
aq: water
bid: twice a day
c: capsule
G, gm, GM: gram
gtt: drop
hs: at bedtime
ID: intradermal
IM: intramuscular
IV: intravenous
Kg, Kg, l, or L: kilogram, liter
mcg: microgram
mg: milligram
OD: right eye
OS: left eye
OU: both eyes
pc: after meals
Po, PO: by mouth
prn: when needed
q: every
qh: every hour
q2h: every 2 hours
q6h: every 6 hours
qid: four times a day
qod: every other day
sc: subcutaneous
stat: at once
supp: suppository
tab: tablet
tid: three times a day

Check Three Times for Safe Medication Administration

FIRST CHECK: read the medication record and remove the medication(s) from the client's drawer, verify the client's name and room number, compare the label of the medication against the medication record, and check the expiration date of the medication.
SECOND CHECK: while preparing the medication, look at the medication label and check against the medication record.
THIRD CHECK: recheck the label on the container against the medication record before returning to its storage place or before giving the medication to the client.

Ten "Rights" of Medication Administration

Right Medication
Right Dose
Right Time
Right Route
Right Client
Right Client Education
Right Documentation
Right To Refuse

Assessing Patient Readiness

Determine whether the patient has any symptoms of eye or ear discomfort or visual or hearing impairment.
Assess patient's medical history, history of allergies (including latex), and medication history.
Assess patient's level of consciousness (LOC) and ability to follow directions.
Prepare medications for instillation, and check label of medication against MAR 2 times.
Perform hand hygiene and arrange supplies at bedside.
Identify patient using two identifiers (i.e., name and birthday or name and account number) according to agency policy.

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